A Study on the Demographic Factors Influencing the Adoption of E-Banking in India Essay

E – Banking has become a rising concern for academics. It is the innovation of e- banking that has resulted in cost and time reduction for the employees and consumers for the completion of their banking transactions. Banks have now devised more internet based solutions. The research has a wide scope as it focuses on the factors that influence the acceptance of the software offered by banks. Overview In the recent years information technology has fundamentally changed the banking industry worldwide. The innovation of internet banking has changed the way banking is being done and has offered the banks with a lot of challenges and opportunities. Banking industry faces a critical challenge in the adoption of online banking as the knowledge is very limited in India and there is an essential need to study that. The slow adoption of e- banking in India can also be because of poor education, economies, infrastructure and trust also plays an important role. This research will help in understanding the factors that affect the adoption of internet banking such as social, demographic and customer attitudes and perception which will enable banks to find out solutions to attract the customers through the e- banking services and hence gain a high market share in the banking industry. The motivation for this research arose because there has been a rapid development of e- banking in India but the concern is that whether customers demand for these services based on their income, education, internet usage and levels of customer ownership and acceptance. There has been an increase in the number of internet users but a very small fraction of those do their banking transactions online because of lack of trust and several other factors. This study will explore e- banking facilities through the consumer’s eyes and seek to understand the attitude and behavior of consumers towards e-banking which will help the banks to formulate campaigns to encourage the adoption of e-banking. Research Question This research will examine the factors playing an important role in the adoption of e- banking by the people in India. This report will give a recommendation on the improvement of the banks future course of action for the increasing use of e- banking. The final report will benefit the bank in improving the accessibility of the service to improve the adoption of e- banking which will form the basis of the research. The research includes the following questions: 1. What are the drivers for the adoption of e- banking in India? 2. What is the influence and role of age on the adoption of e- banking? 3. What is the influence of education and its role on adoption of e- banking? 4. What is the influence of income and its role on adoption of e- banking? 5. What is influence of trust or social influence or social status in accepting internet banking? 6. What are the steps recommended that should be undertaken by banks to improve the adoption among customers? Aim The main aim of the research is to point out on the barriers and benefits of adopting e-banking services in India and enriching the understanding and knowledge of factors influencing the adoption of e- banking services. Objectives 1. To examine the role of income, age, education, social status and their impacts on adoption of e- banking in India. 2. To understand other factors responsible for the acceptance of e – banking. 3. To understand the importance of e- banking in the improvement of banking facilities provided to the customers. 4. To understand the risks faced from e – banking  5. To describe the demographic difference between the users of e-banking and the nonusers, this will help understand the behavioral strategies of the customers. 6. Develop recommendations for banks on improving the accessibility and security for the customers. 7. To analyze the factors that discourages the customers from using e- banking services. Literature Review The research is based on theory testing. A number of factors have been identified that are responsible for the hampering or proliferation of adoption of technology among general public (Kumbhar, 2011). Recently, internet has been found as the prime channel for devising banking solutions for general public (Kumbhar, 2011, Tan et al., 2009). This popularity of internet has made the global and local competition very fierce (Gan.C, Mike.C, Limsombunchai.V.et.al 2006). The behavior or intentions of people have been considered as the main determinant in successful adoption of internet and technology (Fishbein and Ajzen, 1975). Researcher in the past have paid attention to the factors such as convenience, trialability, compatibility and relative advantage for the adoption of new technology, with almost less attention towards the demographic factors and their influence (Or et al., 2011, Rogers,1995). There are very few who have identified factors of age, income and education level and gender on the acceptance of the banking technologies (Al-Gahtani and King, 1999, Al-Somali et al., 2008). Moreover, age, accessibility of internet, education and the awareness of electronic banking and resistance of users were of paramount importance (Sohail and Shanmugham, 2004). Others have identified age, marital status, ethical background, qualification, income and residence area as the drivers (Gan et al., 2006). The disparities among the adoption of male and female users were deemed to be varying according to studies (Sharman and Kirsty, 2006). Many of the researchers have based their findings on the empirical evidence that acceptance of electronic banking is more in cases with higher level of education and higher level financial status in consumers or general public (Kolodinsky et al., 2000). Individual attitudes that consumers have and their beliefs are of more importance that factors of demographics for the adoption of new technology (Kolodinsky et al., 2000). Other factors such as privacy, security and convenience were found to be more prevalent among female users than males (Shergill and Li, 2005). Context The banking industry has revolutionized with the advances in information technology and the emergence of electronic banking. Increase in the competition and globalization has resulted in the change of the banking and the financial services. There is a rapid change in the demand of these financial services and the consumer’s behavior towards these services. It has become necessary to adopt new strategies with the change of traditional banking to electronic banking. Studies show that the awareness of new technologies and software in India is less which is the biggest obstacle. Though the e- banking system has reached globally there is huge gap in the adoption of these services between the developed countries and the developing countries. (licker and Motts, 2004). The problem in India is that the customers have not transferred their attitude towards using bank operations over the internet they believe in the old traditional way of banking. Some customers do not know how to use a computer others do not like the technology. There is lack of proper infrastructure and the internet connections are broken and slow in some places. Customers are not very confident using ATM machines. They are afraid of making purchases over the internet as they think that any small error will result in loosing money. Many people find the internet connections costs expensive. Despite of having such easy and better internet banking services the customers do not use it therefore the customer’s acceptance of e- banking need to be understood and the factors affecting the intention of their use of e – banking. The issue is critical as the answer to it will help in promoting a new form of e – banking system in future.

Metaphor and Modern Stories

Related resources: Modern stories I Nor, Radial I ‘Nail' by Radial Nor Sequencing activity Download file (2. K) Put the events of the story into the correct order with this on-screen activity. Related resources: Modern stories I Nor, Radial I ‘Nail' by Rid]al Nor Witnessing a crime Download file (95. K) action as witnesses should be, before investigating official government advice. They then contrast this with the criminal Justice system in operation in ‘Nail'. Intended for Higher Tier students.Related resources: Modern stories I Nor, Radial I ‘Nail' by Radial Nor Truth-tellers Download file (110. K) Work out who the truth-tellers are and how they were punished for their beliefs. Includes a research task linking back to ‘Nail'. Related resources: Modern stories I Nor, Radial I ‘Nail' by Radial Nor Top trumps Download file (238. 1 k) Explore characterization in the short story by creating character logs and a set of top trumps cards. Related resourc es: Modern stories I Nor, Radial I ‘Nail' by Radial Nor My parents sided with a murderer Download file (79. K) A speaking and listening role play activity in repose to events in ‘Nail', Jerry Springer style. Related resources: Modern stories I Nor, Radial I ‘Nail' by Radial Nor Drama activities Download file (74. K) A series of activities for exploring the central ideas in the story, including devised scenes, discussion and a TV news report. Related resources: Modern stories I Nor, Radial I ‘Nail' by Radial Nor Well-judged description Download file (133. 1 k) Is Nor a master of description or†¦ Not?Students explore the effectiveness of key descriptions and create a descriptive passage of their own. Intended for Higher Tier students. Related resources: Modern stories I Nor, Radial I ‘Nail' by Radial Nor Thinking about setting Download file (246. K) Explore aspects of place and environment with the help of a setting diagram and a series of prompt que stions. Intended for Foundation Tier students. Download file (208. K) Focus on a key passage, paying close attention to language, imagery and authorial technique.Related resources: Modern stories I Nor, Radial I ‘Nail' by Radial Nor Social and historical context Download file (92. K) Background information on Radial Nor and the short story ‘Nail'. This information is also available as a web page in the ‘Social and historical' section. Related resources: Modern stories I Nor, Radial I ‘Nail' by Radial Was it wrong that e sacrificed the truth and Justice for his son's only chance out of an otherwise dreary life like his?Explore ‘Nail' in Wordbook Launch activity Download file (168. K) Related resources: Modern stories I Nor, Radial I ‘Nail' by Radial Nor Teaching Download file (101. K) Before reading the story ‘Nail', students write a poem or piece of prose based on a Related resources: Modern stories I Nor, Radial I ‘Nail' by Radial Nor Witnessing a Students are given crime scenarios and asked to decide what their correct course of Related resources: Modern stories I Nor, Radial I ‘Nail' by Radial Nor The hangingRelated resources: Modern stories I Nor, Radial I ‘Nail' by Radial Narrows it wrong that he sacrificed the truth and Justice for his son's only chance out of an otherwise Related resources: Modern stories I Nor, Radial I ‘Nail' by Radial Nor This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (November 2008) A political cartoon from an 1894 Puck magazine by illustrator S. D. Rather, shows a farm woman labeled â€Å"Democratic Party† sheltering from a tornado of political change.A metaphor is a figure of speech that describes a subject by asserting that it is, on some point of comparison, the same as another otherwise unrelated object. It is a figure of speech comparing two unlike things without using either â€Å"like† or â€Å"as†. It is not to be mistaken with a simile which does use â€Å"like† or â€Å"as† in comparisons. Metaphor is a type of analogy and is closely related to other rhetorical figures of speech that achieve their effects via association, comparison or resemblance including allegory, hyperbole, and simile.One of the most prominent examples of a metaphor in English literature is the All the oral's a stage monologue from As You Like It: All the world's a stage, And all the men and women merely players; They have their exits and their entrances; ?William Shakespeare, As You Like It, 2/7[1] This quotation contains a metaphor because the world is not literally a stage. By figuratively asserting that the world is a stage, Shakespeare uses the points of comparison between the world and a stage to convey an understanding about the mechanics of the world and the lives of the peop le within it. The Philosophy of Rhetoric (1936) by l.A. Richards describes a metaphor as having woo parts: the tenor and the vehicle. The tenor is the subject to which attributes are ascribed. The vehicle is the object whose attributes are borrowed. In the previous example, â€Å"the world† is compared to a stage, describing it with the attributes of â€Å"the stage†; â€Å"the world† is the tenor, and â€Å"a stage† is the vehicle; â€Å"men and women† is the secondary tenor, and â€Å"players† is the secondary vehicle. Other writers employ the general terms ground and figure to denote the tenor and the vehicle. In cognitive linguistics, the terms target and source are used respectively. Contents [hide]

An Introduction To DNA

An Introduction To DNA DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material of eve living organisms including some viruses. It is a dimer consists of two strands that immerse upon each other and appear as a double helix that are linked together covalently with each other. Each strand is made up of similar repeating units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide composed of three different moieties,a 2-deoxyribose sugar,a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. 1.1.1 2-Deoxyribose sugar The 2-deoxyribose sugar, a major structural component of DNA is a cyclic molecule .The sugars are joined together by phosphate groups that form phosphodiester bonds between third and fifth carbon atoms of adjacent sugar rings.The 5†² carbon of deoxyribose sugar is attached to the 3†² carbon of the next, and make a network of 3†² carbon and 5†² carbon.5’end of a DNA molecule is characterized by a free phosphate (P) group and the 3†² end is characterized by a free hydroxyl (OH) group. It lacks an hyd roxyl group at the 2 position as in a ribose therefore a sugar moiety is a 2-deoxyribose. Two free hydroxyl groups are also located on the 5 carbon and 3-carbon of 2-deoxyribose sugar.These hydroxyl groups give a DNA oligomer its designation of 5 and the 3 end(usually accent as â€Å"three prime end† and â€Å"five prime end†). 1.1.2 Sugar-Phosphate backbone The 2-deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate group forms the backbone in the DNA which are highly polar and defines directionality of the molecule. The polar hydrophilic back- bone is surrounded by a core of hydrophobic bases and is important for the stability and structure of DNA. The phosphate groups have a negative charge that gives a concentra- tion of negative charge on the backbone of DNA and also makes DNA,a negatively charge 5 1 Fundamentals molecule. The charge is also neutralised by DNA-binding proteins that contain the pos- itively charged amino acids lysine and arginine, which are attracted to the negatively charged phosphate backbone. See Fig. 1.1. Figure 1.1: DNA backbone 1.1.3 Nucleic acid bases DNA contain four different nitrogenous bases that make monomer of one nucleotide different from other. These bases are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and gua- nine(G). The bases come in two categories pyrimidines and purines. Larger nucleic acids adenine and guanine are members of a class of doubly ringed structures called purines while the smaller nucleic acids cytosine and thymine are members of a class of singly- ringed chemical structures called pyrimidines .A six-membered ring with two-nitrogen molecule formed a pyrimidine structure whereas purine is produced by a nine-membered, ring with four- nitrogen molecule. Each unit of the ring constructing the base is numbered to for specific identification. They are arranged in a particular order along the backbone of DNA to make a long chain of varying sequence that contains the code for proteins.The sequence specifies the exact genet ic instructions required to create a particular organism with its own unique traits. 6 1 Fundamentals 1.1.4 Base Pairing in DNA The nitrogenous bases are responsible to form double-strand of DNA in consequence of weak hydrogen bonds and have specific shapes and hydrogen bond properties. The three hydrogen bonds form between guanine and cytosine and then denoted as G.C or C.G,depending on which is associated with the first strand. Similarly adenine and thymine also bond exclusively by pairing of two hydrogen bonds and then denoted as A.T or T.A. This coupling up of nitrogen bases termed as complementarity.,A hydrogen bond donor need an equivalent hydrogen bond acceptor to form a hydrogen bond in the base across from it. Purines are only complementary with pyrimidines because molecules in pyrimidine-pyrimidine pairings are very far from each other that doesn’t makes the hydrogen bonding to be established. Purine-purine pairing are energetically unfavourable because the molecule s are too close and create an electrostatic repulsion. The only possible pairings are GT and AC. Primary and secondary amine groups or hydroxyl groups are common hydrogen bond donar while carbonyl and tertiary amines are common hydrogen bond acceptor groups. There are two hydrogen bonds between an A:T base pair. One hydrogen bond lie between the 6†² primary amine of adenine and the 4†² carbonyl of thymine. The other hydrogen bond form between the 1†² tertiary amine of adenine and the 2†² secondary amine of thymine. On the other hand,G:C base pair has three hydrogen bonds. One hydrogen bond lie between guanine with its 6†² hydrogen bond accepting carbonyl and cytosine having 4†² hydrogen bond accepting primary amine. The second hydrogen bond also formed between guanine on 1†² secondary amine and cytosine 3†² tertiary amine and the third formed between the 2†² primary amine on guanine and the 2†² carbonyl on cytosine.

Upload later Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Upload later - Essay Example Despite this, it is difficult to align the strategic map of the business with the corporate strategy that defines the operations of the organization. Corporate strategy, on the other hand, is the improvisation of the organizational working efficiency towards the attainment of the strategic plan through the elimination of waste and production at lowest possible costs (Demeester, De Meyer & Grahovac, 2014). The operational resources are critical in the attainment of the operational strategy. These resources include the tangible and intangible resources, the operational processes and capabilities. The tangible resources consist of the equipment, materials, facilities and human resource that perform the practical work. The intangible resources, on the other hand are the skills, market relationships and knowledge that determine the quality of production. The operational processes combine the intangible and tangible resources to formulate a coordinated framework of the production procedure (Hill & Cuthbertson, 2011). The first challenge that the organization encounters in the alignment of operation strategy to the corporate strategy is the agreement on the model of operation. A company can be integrated like McDonalds’s, Holding Company like Tyco International or an Allied Company like the Unilever Company. This choice of operating model defines the relationship of the business and the amount of investments allocated to the company. It is important to understand the operating model because it involves the allocation of funds to various business entities. In the process that the senior management decides to implement the corporate strategy, competitors will launch a model that capitalizes on the company’s large investment in efficiency improvement (Boyer And Lewis, 2002). This may amount to sever losses in the company. More often, it is a challenge to map the business strategy to the functional alignment because of the

Federalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Federalism - Essay Example These various forms of de-centralization are done by systems of the national government which in turn gives it a multi-functional autonomy with the decision making process. When we inspect these multi forms of processes of de-centralization, the one that reflects as the dominant and functional form is federalism; this is where the legal sovereignty is shared between the central government and the national or regional governments. As the American nation was in its infancy, the debate that took place was over what would become of the United States government that we know today. Also which framework or in this case which form of government will it be? Madison mentions that the nation back then was split between two groups; the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists, in the case of one group was pro Constitution and the other group opposed it (Madison et al, 1987, pp. 2-5). Since the American nation had a well-documented history of it becoming a federalist sovereign state, we will focus on its past and present considering that the theory of federalism has been proven for over two centuries. Within this context, it is found that federalism is the most efficient manner of dividing political power in a democracy. This essay will illustrate how the U.S. government considered that federalism was the best choice for the American nation. In this paper we will help define federalism in the first body paragraph and the argument according to it as well. It will be broken down into two parts which the second one will discuss the history of federalism.

Discuss Constantine, his Conversion to Christianity and the end of the Essay - 1

Discuss Constantine, his Conversion to Christianity and the end of the Roman Empire - Essay Example However, in the Roman Empire the government distrusted Christians and this implied that they were the minority in a society that was filled with pagans. During this period, the Christians followed the Christian way of life by obeying authorities such as bishops and the rule of law, but they refused to abide by the customs of the pagans. The government was filled with pagans, and this prompted it to single out the Christians, but they held on strongly to Christianity and they were not moved by the constant harassments they underwent. This scenario prompted Christians to be killed and continued to unite them further in their fight to be allowed freedom of worship. Prior to the end of the roman empire Diocletian, who was an emperor during this time declared Christianity as forbidden and churches were demolished. In addition to this, Christians were denied their legal rights all in the efforts of completely removing Christianity from the society. Around the year 299, disruption of the pagan rituals and burning of the Diocletian’s palace caused many Christians to be killed since they were blamed for these occurrences. However, the persecutions did not completely destroy Christianity, and this is the time when Constantine took up the fight to restore Christianity because he was disturbed by the persecution they underwent. Constantine had encountered many of the harassments against Christians since he was brought up in Diocletian’s court and he found them disturbing. Before the battle between the Christians and pagans at the Milvian Bridge, he had a dream where God instructed on how they would encounter the pagans. During this time, he was not a Christian, but he had a vow that if he won this battle he would fight for Christians for the rest of his reign. His mother was a Christian and she had instilled Christianity values in him, so he had the zeal to fight for their rights. The Christians won this battle, and he believed that God

Opportunity Analysis Marketing for Pre-school Educational Toy In China Essay

Opportunity Analysis Marketing for Pre-school Educational Toy In China - Essay Example This essay stresses that in the case of marketing the proposed educational toy in China, the recommended strategy is to start with a flagship shop in a boom town like Beijing, Shanghai or Guangzhou and using the radiation effect of such a metropolis, to diffuse sales throughout the country. The flagship shop makes the concept and power of the European brand visible and attracts Chinese licensees through word of mouth. This paper makes a conclusion that the business plan proposes to first open a flagship store to attract licensees and thereafter move into franchising. This offers a cost effective way to enter the Chinese market, while also building brand identity and reputation. Rather than relying on expensive advertising, the flagship store will serve as the means of promotion, while the word of mouth among licensees will serve to effectively promote the product and establish brand identity. The financial risks posed through this approach are lower, because the franchising option would require Chinese partners to make some financial investments in order to gain a franchise and capitalize on the brand identity of the product, especially among the Chinese baby boomers. It would also provide them an incentive to work hard at promoting the product, in order to recover their investments and to make a profit. This approach also avoids the problems of using middlemen such as distributors and can provide a wider range of access into the local Chinese markets as well.

The Dance Theatre of Harlem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Dance Theatre of Harlem - Essay Example In stark contrast you find Return of the Firebird. The somewhat docile mood that is set in this ballet seems to reign supreme throughout the performance. The main drawback being a total lack of enthusiasm by the performers who seem to be actually controlled by the strings of a puppet master rather than their own minds. This garnered a bored feeling as the ballet wore on, seeming to last a lifetime although it was short by many standards. The movements are thoughtful and full of grace, even past the less then perfect planning. One finds themselves staring at the wonderful fluid movements as passion is arisen in the dancer. The supporting members do little to help this master of the dance, but little help is needed. Fall River Legend more than makes up for the loss in Return of the Firebird. The greatly talented staffs of dancers move as one, making the watcher think of a graceful flock of birds evading a predator. The content of these two ballets is no match. The main point of Return of the Firebird seems to be the same old tired love story, terribly overdone in all forms of theatre. When you consider the dark theme that Fall River Legend brings out, you find yourself in a place that few people have gone with the arts. Drawing from the historical data that is available, the writers were able to portray the event

U.S. Sugar Policy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

U.S. Sugar Policy - Research Paper Example This is due to subsidies, quotas, tariffs, and regulations. Through these measures, the U.S has been able to satisfy the demand of sugar for its domestic market, but the cost of this luxury is significant. The price of sugar has been always higher for American consumers, and due to the subsidies provided to American farmers, most if its sugar is yielded by inefficient methods of producing sugar. Human beings have cultivated and consumed sugar cane for more than a millennium, which means it has developed a crucial role in the economies of countries all over the world. Especially with increases in globalization, the role of sugar as an import and an export is growing. As such, sugarcane economics is necessary for a detailed analysis of the world economy that is becoming indispensable to sophisticated understandings of globalization. This paper will accomplish two goals: first, to define the players in the global sugarcane trade and their relationship to one another in the 21st century economic environment, and second, to discuss the alignment of United States sugar policy with its ideological and normative commitments to capitalism and free trade. In order to accomplish these two goals, one must conduct first a descriptive, or positive, economic analysis of what is actually occurring in the world at the current time, in addition to a normative, or values-based, analysis of th at descriptive data. In doing so, one can make confident predictions and firm recommendations for policy changes with respect to the major contributors in the sugarcane trade. A discussion of a worldwide market in the 21st century necessarily must approach the topic of globalization, which refers to the tendency of ideologies, businesses, and technologies to spread throughout the world. This produces what is termed as â€Å"globality†, or the completely interconnected marketplace that transcends the

Apps Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Apps - Assignment Example These applications can be instrumental transforming the healthcare environment by facilitating various capabilities for the diagnosis of diseases as well as helping people to monitor their health and vital statistics apart from affording them an easy platform for coordinating all their healthcare related activities. The areas where mobile applications can be used in the healthcare field include, but are not limited to, diagnosis of diseases, drug reference, medical calculator, searching medical literature, clinical communication, Hospital Information System for patients, â€Å"general healthcare applications,† learning tool for medical and nursing students, various utilities for patients etc (Mosa et al 8). Mobile apps are especially useful in the case of diseases like blood pressure as they offer the leverage to â€Å"control the inflation and deflation of a blood pressure cuff through a mobile platform† (Mobile Medical Applications 14). Evidence further suggests that personalizing the health monitoring system will â€Å"significantly improve† the possibility of early detection of cardio vascular diseases (CVDs), including blood pressure (Mena et al 4). Besides, ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) monitoring will also facilitate â€Å"accurate diagnosis† as well as easy evaluation of response to treatment (4). Mobile applications provide an appropriate platform for ABP and by using them in transportable devices such as mobile phones and PDAs etc people can effectively monitor the onslaught as well as response to the treatment of hyper tension. In order to test the above hypothesis, the researcher has focused on conducting a study on people from Florida State especially those from the cities such as Miami and Orlando. Since the treatment of blood pressure is to be undertaken over a long period, the study spanned over a term of three years from 2010 to 2013 to

Modern Society Essay Example for Free

Modern Society Essay Modern society which is very complex and often contradictory has its origin in the ancient times as far back as 4000 years ago. Deeply rooted in spirituality, yet having equal attraction towards materialism, sometimes leading to unethical behaviour, inclination and commitment towards science, logic and reason, yet superstitious practices are rampant. Untouchability has been constitutionally abolished and caste and community based discrimination banned, its practice is common and it is a major tool of vote-bank politics in India. Thus, Indian society presents a contradictory picture and can be seen in the perspective of a society in the process of continued change or flux. Social change is a broader term which implies change in infrastructure, facilities and their distribution, change in thought, attitude and behaviour of the people, change in faith, culture, tradition and living styles, etc. Change is a natural inevitable process which continues in every age and will continue to happen even in future. Social infrastructure, cultural, attitudinal and behavioural changes do not remain static. They continuously change with the passage of time. It is the result of this natural process of change that life underwent sea change from the Stone Age to the Computer Age. Social change basically constitutes a transformation at all level of thought, behaviour and action that does not presuppose either a strict positive or negative impact. In fact, the impact cannot be confined to one direction only. Indeed the change has both positive and negative impact which may lead the society towards progress or regression. Social change is not a sudden process. It is a gradual process which takes lots of time to happen. Neither is it the result of any single factor. It is the result of so many factors which include demographic, technological, political, economic, cultural and legal. Generally, social conflict, growth and expansion and knowledge and scientific and technological advancement lead to social change. Indeed, the research and advancement in the field of science and technology bring about a change in the outlook of society. Besides, the demographic factors also contribute to social change. Rising population, rampant illiteracy, housing and health problems, large-scale migration, etc. all have a bearing on social climate. Rapid industrialisation resulting in economic development and urbanisation has brought about the growth of slums in urban areas as well as a great disparity in the standard of living. After independence, the country with the help of fundamental rights tried to bridge the social gap by providing right to equality to all its citizens and abolished untouchability. No doubt, it has a positive effect on society. It has brought about a decline in social discrimination and reduced the exploitation of the poor. Cultural factors like Sanskritisation, i. e. the process explaining the upward mobility of a sub-caste group in a caste hierarchy, traditional attitudes and customs of the people. Law is also an important tool to bring about social change. In the post-independence era, the Indian Government has taken numerous measures that concern society. The Constitution refuses to recognise the distinctions of religion, sect, caste, sex, etc. in the matter of the opportunities of civil life. It has largely mitigated a number of social evils resulting from the pluralisitc nature of Indian society with regard to religion and caste. Freedom of belief as a Fundamental Right has made religion a personal choice rather than its earlier compulsive and all- pervasive nature for a family or a group. Endogamous nature of casteism is now on the wane as intermarriage, and even inter- religious ones have been legalised. Reservations in jobs and freedom in the choice of vocations have encouraged vertical mobility of many families, irrespective of their caste and class affiliations. In short, laws play prominent role in social changes. Family, which has been almost universally considered the ideal and perfect living arrangement, and the backbone of social structure has undergone a transformation under the impact of industrialisation, urbanisation, spread of education, large-scale migration and other changes taking place in different spheres of life. Nuclear families have taken the place of joint family system. Common residence and property are being substituted by functional joint families, who fulfil their social obligations towards each other and come to help each other in their hours of need. Now old age is perceived with fear. This is rather recent phenomena. The old are now taken as a liability. Old age is viewed as an unavoidable, undesirable and problem-ridden phase of life. This is one of the gifts of modern life. In recent times, economic development and technological advancements have been rapid. They have an inevitable impact on social attitudes and values. This progress has led to the loss of cherished values. With enhanced earning, power and growing consumerism, the parents and children have altered their response to family life. The nature of parenting nd role of spouses have undergone sea change. Family bonds are eroding fast in society, it is particularly frequent in urban society where youngsters, in large numbers, migrate for studies or jobs, their parents, left alone, are faced with the problem of emotional loss and a fear of future. Economic independence has brought in its wake, individualism. In an economically independent society everybody wants to asse rt himself. A man wants his prominence in various spheres of life. He no longer likes to be ignored or undervalued. It has tremendously affected the woman. Now she wants her role in family and society as well. This is, in fact, a challenge to the traditional view of society that women as a class are inferior to men. However, her role in decision-making is assuming significance. Modern women are quite aware of their rights and privileges. At the same time social attitude towards women is also changing, though the process is slow. Today’s society is one of freedom and inquiry. In this age of individualism, authority is no longer unquestionably accepted by children. In this age of Information Technology, children are often more informal and aware than their parents. They no longer stand in awe of parents or any elderly persons. Human values and ethics have taken a backseat. Relations today are increasingly based on mercenary considerations. As a consequence, warmth and obligations have been lost in society. This, in a way, leads to conflict and confusion, adversely affecting family bonds or ties. Age old values of tolerance, hospitality, warmth of attachments, politeness and patience are fast fading out. However, some changes in society are pleasant and encouraging. Technological innovations have changed even the common people’s way of life. This change can be felt even at the village levels. The prevalence of superstitions and evil practices are no longer as frequent and common in society as they were during the pre-independence era. The accessibility of mass media has changed the village life also. The thinking behaviour and lifestyle of the villagers have tremendously changed. This exposure, though not always beneficial, has served to open Indian minds to receive new ideas and views. As a whole, the change on the mental level, has been slow, however, it is encouraging. Thus, at every level and in every sphere, Indian society is experiencing changes. The changes are more pronounced and noticeable in terms of dress, behaviour and egalitarianism while traditional beliefs, even if they are outdated and redundant, are practised and refuse to give up their hold on Indian society. Thus, the contradictory situations create confusion and sometimes lead to conflict. The prevailing anger and frustration arising out of inequality in development, loss of values accompanied by a greedy, grasping mercenary attitude, growing corruption on the part of authorities and the ‘elite’ find expression in the form of violent responses from the oppressed and the downtrodden. Several secessionist movements in different parts of the country are attributed to this retrogressive changes taking place in society. The change is inevitable in a dynamic society but it must be guided by some principles so as to ensure a better future and a progressive society in which everybody can enjoy his share in peace and prosperity. Besides people must be educated and enlightened enough to take its positive impact while ignoring the negatives for the betterment of individual as well as society.

Adn vs. Bsn Essay Example for Free

Adn vs. Bsn Essay The nursing profession continues to argue whether a nurse who holds a BSN is desirable to the Associates-Degree-prepared nurse. This has been a topic of debate since 1965, when the American Nurses Association published an opinion paper advocating for the baccalaureate degree to be the minimal standard for entry-level nurses. While some say that the level of education isn’t relevant once you orient a nurse to a certain setting, others disagree and assert that the baccalaureate degree prepared nurses demonstrate higher levels of skill in communication, delegation, assessment, teaching and supervision. Most agree, however, that each degree program provides a different level of preparation and competencies for the graduating nurse. The focus of ADN programs has been to prepare the nurse with considerable clinical experience and technical nursing skills needed to provide patient care at the bedside, while the BSN program concentrates on evidence-based practice, research, leadership skills and communication. An additional difference is the target client. Associate-degree graduates are prepared to meet the needs of the patient. The baccalaureate graduate’s scope is widened to include the family and interdisciplinary groups. According to a study done in 1988 by the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board, nursing competencies across the spectrum of nursing education, â€Å"varied in complexity, depth, and breadth. †(Poster, 2006) Entry-level competencies were evaluated on three categories: provider of care, coordinator of care, and member of a profession. There was virtually no difference noted in the provider of care category other than the use of an evidence-based analytical approach by the baccalaureate-prepared nurse, as opposed to a critical thinking approach to decision making by the associate-degree-prepared nurse. In the category of coordinator of care, the major contrast was between how the advanced-degree-prepared the nurse to act as more of a facilitator of care between multiple factions of the healthcare team. As a member of a profession, the BSN nurse acted as a leader rather than in the participant role of the ADN nurse. Where the major differences occurred was in the â€Å"knowledge required for achievement of competency. †(Poster, 2006) The diploma prepared nurse bases her plan of care on the nursing diagnosis. The advanced-degree nurse’s basis for developing the plan of care uses â€Å"evidence-based and theoretical analysis of available data. †(Poster, 2006) An example of this difference might be in the care of patient who has a chronic condition, such as congestive heart failure. This patient undoubtedly is seen multiple times in the course of a year for symptoms pertaining to his health condition. Nurse A, with the associate’s degree, does a good job of taking care of the patient. She sees to it that he gets all of his medications in a timely fashion, and that he completes all of his scheduled tests; that his basic needs are met. Her plan of care would include all of the interventions to reflect such care. She would weigh him daily, make sure his meals followed the proper diet, and etc. Nurse B, with the BSN, also provides the afore-mentioned care. However, in addition, she may look at why this patient has frequently been admitted to her floor. She would perhaps investigate whether the same symptoms precipitated his decline and question the patient as to whether he is weighing himself daily, what types of food he is eating at home, and whether he has been taking his medications on a routine basis. She might find that he doesn’t have a scale at home, does not have access to his medications all of the time, or is simply non-compliant. Her plan of care may include a social worker and case management are more involved in his discharge planning to insure that the patient has the equipment and resources required to manage is illness at home. Nurse B might also collaborate with the patient to develop a plan he can agree to follow and provide a list of community resources that are available. Both Nurse A and Nurse B have seen to it that the patient got what he needed during his hospital visit. The healthcare industry is changing rapidly. The life expectancy of the average patient has extended due to the increase in technological advances and life-saving measures and requires that professional nurses have the ability to mange these complex patients. The baccalaureate-degree program provides an opportunity to build on the communication, problem-solving and decision-making skills taught in the ADN program to facilitate better patient care. Whether it be a an associate-degree-prepared nurse or one holding an advanced degree, one thing I am sure we can all agree upon is that better educated nurses will better serve the profession as a whole.

SSI Units

SSI Units I. Introduction INTRODUCTION TO SSI UNITS After gaining independence India in 1947, there was a felt need of economic prosperity and to revive the nation. Hence India focused on developing itself as a manufacturing base. The planners then took the decision of promoting the small scale industries. They were of the view that ssi can play a significant role in the economic progress of the country as it had huge potential in employment generation, which was the major problem faced during that period of time. Earlier the small scale sector was a sector involved in traditional labor with outdated machineries and inefficient techniques of production. But since then due to the coordinated efforts of the government and the commercial banks the position of SSI has improved. These efforts include * Reservation of items to be manufactured by the SSI * Credit marketing * Technology and entrepreneurship development * fiscal, financial and infrastructural support II. Small Scale Industries 2.1Small Scale and Ancillary Industries Small scale industrial units are those engaged in the manufacture, processing or preservation of goods and whose investment in plant and machinery (original cost) does not exceed Rs.1 crore. These would, inter alia, include units engaged in mining or quarrying, servicing and repairing of machinery. In the case of ancillary units, the investment in plant and machinery (original cost) should also not exceed Rs. 1 crore to be classified under small-scale industry. The investment limit of Rs. 1 crore for classification as SSI has been enhanced to Rs.5 crore in respect of certain specified items under hosiery, hand tools, drugs pharmaceuticals, stationery items and sports goods by the Government of India. 2.2. Tiny Enterprises The status of ‘Tiny Enterprises may be given to all small scale units whose investment in plant machinery is up to Rs. 25 lac, irrespective of the location of the unit. III. Small Scale Industries Financing Finance is the blood for any organization. It is that resource which provides the resources for other factors of production, hence its importance cannot be ignored. After the independence, the Government of India has built upon the network of institutions to provide financial assistance to the small scale industries. Since small scale industries need promotionary help from the government and government has other sectors to look upon for the overall development of the country and hence it has entrusted this duty upon the commercial banks. They have evolved various methods of financing and left the traditional methods far behind and evolved themselves into development banks. The importance of the SSI sector can be best explained by the census according to which this sector employees around 60 million persons. And if we talk in terms of value then this sector accounts for about 48% of manufacturing output and 42% of the total exports of the country. 3.1 Types of Industrial Finance: Depending upon the time period requirement of funds the financing can be classified into the following three types: 1) Short term financing: this refers to those funds which are required by the entrepreneurs for short term ie. For a period ranging less than one year. The motive of such funding is to meet the working capital requirements of the enterprise. 2) Medium term financing: this refers to those funds which are required by entrepreneurs for a period ranging from one to five years. This type is needed to fund the permanent working capital requirements, small expansions, replacements, and modifications etc. these funds can be raised through the following resources: Issue of debentures Issue of shares Borrowing from banks and other financial institutions Ploughing back of profits ie the retained earnings 3) Long term financing: it refers to that financing which is extended for a period ranging for more than 5 years. Such funds are required by entrepreneurs for the purpose of investing into fixed assets, for expansion purpose, for bringing about modernization in the enterprise and introduction of new technology. 3.2 Means of finance: Credit Flow The main source of input to the sustained growth of small scale sector industries is CREDIT. Credit has already been classified into short term, long term and medium term on the basis of requirement of the enterprise. The institutional arrangement for providing the capital requirement of the SSI is as follows: SSI are provided the working capital by the commercial banks and in some case this initiative is taken up by cooperative banks and regional rural banks. In case of term loans the provision is made by the state financial corporations, small industries development corporations, national small industries corporation and NABARD. Financial assistance to SSI by NSIC is also made in the form of supply of machinery on hire purchase basis. Even tiny units are able to get loans from commercial banks along with working capital in the form of composite loans. Refinancing facilities to the above institutions are provide by Small Industries Development Bank of India(SIDBI) Term loans on long term basis are provided to the small scale units by SFCs mainly through Single window Scheme and National equity fund. Under single window scheme also the SFC provide some part of working capital for pre operative expenses. 3.2.1 Credit to SSI Sector from Public Sector Banks The table below gives the positions with regard to flow of credit to SSI Sector:- At the end of March 2005 At the end of March 2006 At the end of March 2007 At the end of March 2008 At the end of March 2009 Net Bank Credit 1,69,038 1,84,381 1,89,684, 2,18,219 2,46,203 Credit to SSI 25,843 29,485 31,542 38,109 42,674 No. of SSI Accounts (in lakhs) 32.25 33.77 N.A. 29.64 N.A. SSI Credit as percentage of Net Bank Credit 15.29 15.99 16.6 17.5 17.33 There is a marginal decline in share of credit to SSI sector as a percentage of net bank credit. 3.2.2 Credit to Tiny Sector The Table below gives the status of credit flow to tiny sector since 1995:- At the end of March 1995 At the end of March 1996 At the end of March 1997 At the end of March 1998 Net Credit to Tiny Sector 7734 8183 9515 10273.13 Tiny credit as percentage of net SSI credit 29.93 27.76 30.2 27.0 The advances outstanding against Tiny sector increased from Rs.9515 crores at the end of March, 1997 to Rs. 10273 crores at the end of March, 1998. The share of tiny sector in the advances to SSI sector has, however, decreased from 30.2% at the end of March 1997 to 27.0% at the end of March, 1998. As per RBI guidelines, 40% priority sector lending going to SSI has to go to tiny units with investment in plant and machinery below Rs. 5 lakhs and another 20% to tiny units with investment in plant and machinery between Rs. 5 lakhs and Rs. 25 lakhs. Thus, against the target of 60% of SSI credit for tiny units, actual flow at 27% is very low. 3.2.4 Steps taken by Reserve Bank of India to improve credit flow to SSI sector a) Investment limit has been enhanced from Rs.60 lakhs to Rs.300 lakhs and for tiny units from Rs.5 lakhs to Rs.25 lakhs. As per the RBI guidelines the funds normally available to SSI sector, 40% be given to units with investment in plant and machinery up to Rs. 5 lakhs; 20% for units with investment between Rs. 5 lakhs to Rs.25 lakhs and remaining 40% for other units. b) to expand the extent of Single Window Scheme of SIDBI to all districts to meet the term loan working capital financial requirements of SSIs. c) With a view to manage the cost of credit to SSI units, banks are advised to grant loans to only those SSI units with a good track record. 3.2.5 Monitoring Credit to SSIs is subject to regular monitoring by Reserve Bank of India, Department of SSI ARI, National Advisory Committee of SIDBI, State Level Bankers Committee and District Level Coordination Committees of the Bank. 3.2.6 Fresh initiatives announced in the Budget of 2008-2009 In this budget speech the Finance Minister has announced the following measures for improving credit supply to SSI sector a) A new credit insurance scheme launched. The problem of inadequate provision of security to banks and the rate of low recovery are recognized as the constraints of flow of credit to SSI units.the problem is more complex in case of tiny sector units and export oriented units. And the above scheme is launched in the purview of this problem for the help of SSI units. b) Composite Loan Scheme Limit Enhanced to Rs. 5 Lakhs Another provision made in the budget is that the composite loan scheme of SIDBI and commercial banks designed to solve operational difficulties of the small borrowers by presiding term loan and working capital through a single window. The limit for composite loans has been enhanced from Rs. 2 lakhs to Rs. 5 lakhs. c) Working Capital Limit Enhanced to Rs. 5 Crores In the case of SSi units, the need for working capital is determined on the basis of 20% of the annual turnover. There is a provision in the banks to enhance this limit from 4 crore to 5 crore. d) Credit Delivery to Tiny Sector To increase the outreach of banks to the tiny sector, leading by banks to Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) or other financial intermediaries for purposes of on-lending to the tiny sector is being included within the definition of priority sector for bank lending. 3.2.7 High level committee for credit (Kapur committee) Inorder to boost the financing activity of the SSI RBI appointed one man committee to improve the delivery system and simplify the procedures for the credit availability for the SSI. The Committee has submitted its report to RBI on 30th June, 1998. Some of the major recommendations of the Committee are:- i) Special treatment to smaller among small industries ii) Enhancement in the quantum of composite loans iii) Removal of procedural difficulties in the path of SSI advances iv) Sorting out issues relating to mortgages of land including removal of stamp duty and permitting equitable mortgages v) Allowing access to low-cost funds to Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) for refinancing SSI loans vi) Non-obtaining of collaterals for loans up to Rs.2 lakhs; vii) Setting up of a collateral reserve fund to provide support to first party guarantees; viii) Setting up of a Small Industries Infrastructure Development Fund for developing industrial areas in/around metropolitan and urban areas; ix) Change in the definition of sick SSI units; x) Giving statutory powers to State Level Inter-Institutional (SLIIC); xi) Setting up of a separate guarantee organisation and opening of 1,000 additional specialised branches; and xii)Enhancement of SIDBIs role and status to match with that of National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD). Kapur Committee has made 126 recommendations out of which RBI has already accepted 40 recommendations for implementation. 3.3 Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) SIDBI was set up by an Act of Parliament, as an apex institution for promotion, financing and development of industries in small scale sector and for coordinating the functions of other institutions engaged in similar activities. It commenced operations on April 2, 1990. SIDBI extends direct/indirect financial assistance to SSIs, assisting the entire spectrum of small and tiny sector industries on All India basis. The range of assistance comprising financing, extension support and promotional, are made available through appropriate schemes of direct and indirect assistance for the following purposes:- } direct credit to the SME(small medium enterprises) . } support to micro-finance institutions for capacity building and on lending . } provides financial support to the sick / small scale industries. } Principal Financial institution engaged in development initiative in rural sector and improving the SSI unit. } Also encouraging SSIS and generating employment in rural India. The Bank also performing the rehabilitation duty and improving the performance of small Industries. VARIOUS SCHEMES FOR FINANCING OF SSI 3.3.1 Direct Assistance Schemes SIDBI directly assists SSIs under the following scheme: Project Finance Scheme Equipment Finance Scheme Marketing Scheme Vendor Development Scheme Infrastructural Development Scheme Technology Development Modernisation Fund Venture Capital Scheme These schemes aim at solving the key issues in SSI ie., the problems of high tech project, marketing, infrastructure development, quality improvement, export financing and venture capital assistance. 3.3.2 Indirect Assistance Schemes Under its indirect schemes, SIDBI extends refinancing facility of loans to small scale sector by SFCs, SIDCs and Banks. Till now refinance is extended to 896 PLIs and these PLIs have their network extended to more than 67000 branches with the help of which they provide financing to these SSI. 3.3.3 Promotional and Development Activities SIDBI is also into providing other assistance to the SSI for its development besides limiting itself to the provision of simple financing. It involves itself in Entrepreneurship development programmmes, modernization programmes and micro credit schemes inorder to bring about economic empowerment of women specially in the rural areas by providing them opportunities of training and development. A.Refinance against term loans in respect of projects/activities eligible for assistance under the Scheme Interest on term loans for fixed asets and working capital advances (excluding interest tax) (% p.a.) Interest on Refinance (% p.a.) (i)Upto and inclusive of Rs. 25,000 12.0 9.0 (ii) Over Rs. 25,000 and upto Rs. 2 lakh Not exceeding 13.5 10.5 B.Refinance against term loans (Applicable to all eligible institutions) (except RRBs) Interest on term loans (excluding interest tax) (% p.a.) Interest on Refinance (% p.a.) (i) Upto and inclusive of Rs. 25,000 12.0 9.0 (ii) Over Rs. 25,000 and up to Rs. 2 lakh Not exceeding 13.5 10.5 (iii) Over Rs. 2 lakh Not exceeding 14.0* 12.0 4.3.4 Performance SIDBIs efforts have resulted in increased flow of credit to SSI sector since inception as indicated below: Year Sanction Disbursement 2000-01 2412 1819 2001-02 2847 2038 2002-03 2909 2146 2003-04 3357 2672 2004-05 4706 3390 2005-06 6266 4801 2006-07 6485 4588 2007-08 7481 5243 SIDBIs assistance to: (i) Tiny Units about 89.2% of the total no. of projects under Refinance Scheme during the period of 2006-07 were tiny, receiving an assistance upto Rs. 5 lakh . The total sanctions for such projects accounted for 39.6% as against 36% of the total amount of sanctions in previous year. (ii) Women entrepreneurs under various schemes available for financing of SSI the total assistance amounting to Rs. 19.07 crores was given to 1067 women entrepreneurs during 2006-07. (iii) Backward areas during 2006-07, the projects originating from backward areas for which the need for financing was felt, received an assistance to the level of Rs. 778 crores of the total sanction which accounted for 33% of total assistance under Refinance Scheme of SIDBI. 3.3.6 Main Schemes of SIDBI A brief summary of the Schemes available with SIDBI. More details are available under the Section Policies Schemes. National Equity Fund Scheme providing support to those entrepreneurs which are into setting up of projects in tiny sector. Technology Development Modernisation Fund Scheme this scheme aims for providing financial assistance to existing SSI units for matters relating to technology upgradation/modernisation. Single Window Scheme aims to provide both term loan as well as working capital loans to the small scale units through the same agency. Composite Loan Scheme this aims at providing loans for equipment and/or working capital and also for worksheds to artisans, village and cottage industries in Tiny Sector. Mahila Udyam Nidhi (MUN) Scheme this scheme aims to promote women as entrepreneurs by providing equity support to them for setting up projects in Tiny Sector. Scheme for financing activities: the need is even felt for the assistance in the field of marketing the products produced by the SSI and these include marketing research, RD, product upgradation, participation in trade fairs and exhibitions, advertising branding, establishing distribution networks etc. Equipment Finance Scheme this scheme is available inorder to help SSI with ease in using the hi-tech machinery and equipment for facilitating quality production. Venture Capital Scheme this is a provision made to encourage SSI ventures to acquire capital equipment,for building up of export capabilities/import substitution including cost of total quality management and acquisition of ISO-9000 certification and for expansion of capacity. Major schemes Technology Development Modernisation Fund SIDBI has set up Technology Development Modernisation Fund (TDMF) scheme for the assistance os small scale sector units so as to enable them to modernize their production techniques with the help new and improved technology so that their products can stand the foreign competition and the quality of their products can be enhanced. This would also help them to reduce their cost of production and removal of the inefficiencies in the production techniques. Assistance is available for meeting the expenses on purchase of capital equipments, acquiring of technical know-how, upgrading of process technology. The Coverage of the TDMF scheme has been enlarged w.e.f. 1.9.1997. Non-exporting units and units which are graduating out of SSI sector are now eligible to avail assistance under this scheme. National Equity Fund National Equity Fund (NEF) under Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) provides equity type assistance to SSI units, tiny units at one per cent service charges. The scope of this scheme was widened in 1998-99 to cover all areas excepting Metropolitan areas, raising the limit of loan from Rs. 1.6 lakhs to Rs. 2.6 lakhs and covering both existing as well as new units: (a) The following are eligible for assistance under the scheme:- i. New projects in tiny and small scale sectors for manufacture, preservation or processing of goods irrespective of the location (except for the units in Metropolitan areas). ii. Existing tiny and small scale industrial units and service enterprises as mentioned above (including those which have availed of NEF assistance earlier), undertaking expansion, modernisation, technology upgradation and diversification irrespective of location (except in Metropolitan areas). iii. Sick units in the tiny and small scale sectors including service enterprises as mentioned above, which are considered potentially viable, irrespective of the location of the units (except for the units in Metropolitan areas). iv. All industrial activities and service activities (except Road Transport Operators). (b) Project cost (including margin money for working capital) should not exceed Rs. 10 lakhs in the case of new projects in the case of existing units and service enterprises, the outlay on expansion/modernisation/technology upgradation or diversification or rehabilitation should not exceed Rs. 10 lakh per project. (c) There is no change in the existing level of promoters contribution at 10% of the project cost. However, the ceiling on soft loan assistance under the Scheme has been enhanced from the present level of 15% lakh per project to 25% of the project cost subject to a maximum of Rs. 2.5 lakh per project. 3.4 State Financial Corporations (SFCs) SFCs were set up mainly to finance small and medium scale units. The area of operation of SFCs is generally limited to the States. SFCs also actively participate in assisting small scale units thereby helping them to modernize and upgrade the technology by making provision for term loans and soft loans and also restructuring the sick small scale units through rehabilitation and revival schemes through equity assistance under SIDBI seed capital scheme. At present, there are 18 SFCs (including TIIC which was set up as a company) in existence for more than 40 years and operate as Regional Development Banks. The SFCs have played an important role in the evolution and growth of small and medium scale industries in their respective states. They provide financial assistance to industrial units by way of term loans, direct subscription to equity, guarantees, etc. Over the years SFCs have expanded their activities and coverage of assistance. 3.5 National Small Industries Corporation (NSIC) 3.5.1 Bill Financing Bills drawn by small scale units for the supplies made to the reputed and well established enterprises and duly accepted by them will be financed / discounted by NSIC for a maximum period of 90 days. 3.5.2 Working Capital Finance working capital financing of sound and well managed units, will be done on selective basis in case of requirements emerging, to enable them to make payments for their purchases of consumable stores and spares and production related expenses particularly electricity bills, statutory dues, etc. 3.5.3 Export Development Finance Finance for export development to export oriented units for meeting their emergent requirements. Pre and post shipment finance shall also be provided to such units at usual terms conditions. 3.5.4 Equipment Leasing Scheme The object of the Leasing Scheme is to assist SSI Units to procure industrial equipment for modernisation, expansion and diversification of their industries. ELIGIBILITY Exclusively for existing financially viable SSI units including ancillary units, duly registered as SSI units with the Directorate of Industries. BENEFITS Ø 100% financing at very liberal terms with easy repayment schedule. Ø Simple formalities and speedy sanction. Ø Single window system for imported equipment. The Corporation undertakes to complete formalities like procuring import licence, opening of Letter of Credit etc. Ø Tax rebate on full 5 year lease rental. VI. Review of some of the articles studied under the purview of the study 1) ISSUES IN SSI FINANCING SOURCE: The Hindu Newspaper editorial dated 5 Dec 2006 ANALYSIS: the article argues that the provisions of the credit policy relating to the advances to the NBFC for on lending to SSI would be treated as priority sector. but financing of small units, especially those in manufacturing, is hardly an attractive proposition for NBFCs. Over the past few years, the concept of priority sector lending, implying a preferential access to bank funds that small entrepreneurs and other less privileged categories enjoyed , has been diluted by including in this category bank lending for individual housing, lending to State Finance Corporations (SFCs) and advances to NBFCs for financing small transport operators. This has helped banks fulfill their priority sector obligation without having to oblige the thousands of needy individual entrepreneurs. Some of the deemed priority sector advances are in any case made by NBFCs or SFCs from public deposits and other resources that they command and deemed credit is thus unlikely to result in substantial additional financing of SSIs. 2) SIDBI PLANS Rs 250 CRORE MICRO FINANCING (SOURCE: Business Line newspaper dated 7 th sep 2004) ANALYSIS: as per the articles besides direct lending SIDBI is into provision of refinancing to the SFC for lending to SSI. It has been into lending to SSI or large corporate who buy goods from SSI including: BHEL, Escorts, Bajaj electrical etc the SME Fund has been operational since April 1. SIDBI aims to disburse Rs 10,000 crore in the next two years, which would include refinance. During the last four months, they have already disbursed Rs 605 crore mainly to SSI sector. 3) SSI SHARE IN BANK CREDIT FALLING (SOURCE: Business Line dated 25 aug, 2007) ANALYSIS: according to this article the credit flow towards the small scale units have declined in the past few decades. This fact can be supported by the figure that the level of financing was 16.2% in 1991 and till 2006 it declined to 8.5%. Total financing of the priority sector has declined accounting for the total disbursements by the scheduled commercial banks was 14,45,847 crore. Out of this only 6.24% was made available to the SSI. VII. Financing Norms: FOR LENDERS 1. The all India financial institutions stipulate a promoters contribution norm of 20% of the total project cost for industrial estates set up in notified less developed area and a 22.5% norm in other cases. In the case of estates costing less than Rs. 300 lakhs, the following margin money have been stipulated by IDBI to make them eligible for financing: * 15% margin for estates set up by technician entrepreneurs or unemployed engineers where the sheds are to be acquired by them on hire basis. * 20 to 30% margin for co-operative estates where the sheds are entirely by small scale units. * 30 to 35% margin for estates set up by joint stock companies whose shareholders occupies majority of the sheds. * 40 to 50% margin for estates set up by proprietary and partnership concerns. I. SFC/ SIDC should maintain separate and distinct accounts of fresh disbursements made to SSI units and outstanding amounts there against. II. Periodical statements to be obtained from SFC/ SIDC to monitor the position. III. Annually, a certificate issued by SFC/ SIDC statutory auditors certifying that the outstanding borrowings from banks were fully covered by the non-overdue loans outstanding in respect of fresh disbursements made to SSI units from out of term finance/ lines of credit granted by banks. IV. The rate of interest to be charged by banks on such term finance/ loans/ lines of credit will be in conformity with the directives on interest rates issued by the Reserve Bank from time to time. * In order to ensure adequate credit to this sector, the credit requirements of village industries and other SSI units having aggregate fund-based working capital limits upto Rs. 5 crores from the banking system, will be computed on the basis of a minimum of 20 percent of their projected annual turnover for new as well as existing units. VII. Analysis of growth of SSIs During Budget 2008-2009 1. The proposal that has been cornering much interest of industry players is minimum alternate tax (MAT), which has now been levied on technology companies. Though all technology firms have been brought under the ambit of MAT, the impact will not be much for big IT firms. 2. The Budget doesnt allow pass-through status to VC start-ups in sunrise sectors of BPO, media, advertising, financial services and mobile value added services. 3. Another budgetary reform that could also prove to be a thorn in the path for the SMEs is the 12.5% service tax on leased premises. President of Nasscom, Kiran Karnik, calls the increase as â€Å"unjust†. â€Å"It is usually the small guy who leases property. The big companies own their land,† 4. FM has proposed to exempt from service tax all services provided by technology business incubators. In turn, their incubatees whose annual turnover does not exceed Rs 50 lakh will be exempt from service tax for the first three years. How it affects SSIs 1. It was presented against a backdrop of high expectations with the economy having moved into the high growth trajectory of 8.5 per cent, supported by a strong growth in services and industry sector. 2. Yet many observers believe that big-ticket reform in Budget 2007-08 have not been taken on the way they should have and tax changes have left most quarters wanting, as substantial giveaways had been anticipated. 3. Small players felt serious impact on their net profits as now they would also have to shell out 11.33 percent MAT in addition to the 12 percent tax which they already pay. Also the small-sized BPO players suffered due to this levy. 4. The IT industry is happy with the proposal to grant pass-through status to VCFs investing in biotechnology and IT companies. But removal of this pass-through status for other areas such as mobile VAS and BPO had a negative impact. Targets under priority sector lending There are no targets set by domestic banks (both public sector and private sector banks) and foreign banks for lending to SSIs. as given in data below The targets and sub-targets set under priority sector lending for domestic and foreign banks operating in India are furnished below: Domestic banks (both public sector and private sector banks) Foreign banks operating in India Total Priority Sector advances 40 percent of NBC 32 percent of NBC Total agricultural advances 18 percent of NBC No target SSI advances No target 10 percent of NBC Export credit Export credit does not form part of priority sector

Parental Involvement in Education Essay -- Parent Involvement in Educat

Parent Involvement in Education Parent involvement in a child’s education is vital to their success. Many students do really well in school while others fail. There is an obvious correlation between the accomplished children and their involved parents. I think that parents just need to be there for a child to succeed. If a mother is the head of the PTA it is easier for her child to do well. As head of the PTA the parent is able to know the due dates of assignments and then help her child complete the assignment. It is easier for a child to thrive when their parent is there with them while they are doing homework. If a parent just asks to see a child’s assignments they will feel like what they do in school matters, and then they will want to do well in school. This will give the child a feeling of reward, and everyone wants to work hard and receive a reward. I would like to know if all children benefit when their parents get involved with their education. Are there some parents that are too involved? Where is the line drawn between not involved and being involved too much? Are parents supposed to still be involved in high school to help with their children’s success? What are the most common reasons why children fail in school? Why is there a lack of parent involvement? Parent involvement in children’s learning will increase the chances their child will succeed. It is characterized in three different levels. Dr. James Comer of Yale University describes the first level as general participation. This is the most common form of involvement and this includes signing papers, going to conferences, and attending school sponsored activities. Sponsoring school programs and helping in the classroom is the sec... ...ent Is as Easy as PIE! Education World. (1). Retrieved March 7, 2004 from the World Wide Web: http://www.education- world.com/a_curr/curr030.shtml Keith, K. K. (2002). The Assignment Checklist [Electronic version]. About (1), 1. Plevyak, L. (2003, October). Parent Involvement in Education: Who Decides?. Education Digest, 69(2), 32-39. Retrieved March 7, 2004, from Academic Search Premier database. Ramey, S. L., & Ramey, C. T. (1999). Going To School. New York: Goddard Press, Inc. Schlosberg, J. (1996, January). Get involved; when parents participate, children succeed. Better Homes & Gardens, 24-27. Stein, M. R. S., & Thorkildsen, R. J. (1999). Parent Involvement In Education. Bloomington: Phi Delta Kappa International. U.S. Department of Education. (1997). Family Involvement in Children’s Education. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Tropical Africa: Food Production And The Inquiry Model :: essays research papers

Tropical Africa: Food Production and the Inquiry Model Hunger is the result of disasters such as drought, floods, the changing of the jet stream patterns and other natural disasters. They are beyond our control. It has been estimated that one third of the land in Tropical Africa is potentially cultivable, though only about 6% of it is currently cultivated. However, to change farming from a low-input low-yield pattern to a high-input, high-yield pattern necessitates the use of more fertilizer and the planting of high-yielding varieties of crops There are a number of environmental factors, related mostly to climate, soils and health, resisting easy developmental solutions. Rainfall reliability is closely connected to rainfall quantity The rainfall in the equatorial heart is very plentiful and reliable. However, there is much less rainfall towards the outer edges of the rain belt. Periodic and unpredictable droughts are a characteristic feature of these border zones. There are three climatic zones in Tropical Africa: 1.a region of persistent rain at and near the Equator 2.a region on each side of this of summer rain and winter drought, and 3.a region at the northern and southern edges afflicted by drought. All the climates listed in the previous paragraph are modified in the eastern parts of Tropical Africa by the mountains and monsoons. The soils of Tropical Africa pose another problem. They are unlike the soils of temperate areas. Soils are largely products of their climates, and tropical soils are different from temperate soils because the climate is different. Because of the great heat of the tropics tends to bake the soils, while on the other hand, the rainfall leaches them. The combined heat and moisture tend to produce very deep soils because the surface rock is rapidly broken down by chemical weathering. All this causes the food's rate of growth to slow down or maybe even stop and as a result food production won't even come close in catching up to the rate of population increase; therefore starvation and hunger is present. In the process of a flood and drought, the roots of trees are shallow and virtually no nutrients are obtained from the soil. The vegetation survives on its own humus waste, which is plentiful.

Appearance vs. Reality in Peter Shaffers Amadeus Essay -- Peter Shaff

Appearance vs. Reality in Peter Shaffer's Amadeus In the world of the 18th century, appearance was everything; and appearance often conflicted with reality. Such is the case in Peter Shaffer’s, Amadeus, which follows Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart’s musical career. Mozart’s career was enveloped in deceit and falsity, appearing to be brought on by poor choices he made, when all along he was being sabotaged by Salieri. When Mozart arrives in Vienna, Antonio Salieri pretends to welcome him. He even writes a welcome March for Mozart, to be played as the young, rebellious musician enters the court. However, Salieri hates Mozart from the beginning. Salieri is nice to Mozart’s face, and pretends to support his career to all other parties concerned. Salieri is, in fact, nice to everyone’s face. As several officials are conversing, Salieri comments to the audience on their personality. â€Å"Johann von Strack. Royal Chamberlain. A court official to his collar bone,† â€Å"Baron van Swieten. Prefect of the Imperial Library. Ardent Freemason. Yet to find anything funny...† (Amadeus, 11) Salieri continues to interject throughout the mens’ conversation until he is included. Salieri is jealous of Mozart’s musical ability. While it appears to everyone the Salieri is the most talented musician in Vienna, he, himself, knows that Mozart’s music is much deeper than his own. Salieri vents his jealousy when he states, â€Å"We were both ordinary men, he and I. Yet he from the ordinary created legends-and I from legends greeted only the ordinary† (Amadeus, 63). Mozart and his wife, Constanza, are starving. They are living in extreme poverty. All of this is because of Antonio Salieri. whose plan is revealed to the audience in his conversation with Emperor Joseph. He says, â€Å"Then grant him Gluck’s post, Majesty, but not his salary. That would be wrong† (Amadeus, 64). He then turns around to Mozart who is angry about the payment he is receiving and says, â€Å"I’m sorry it’s made you angry. I’d not have suggested it if I’d known you’d be distressed....I regret I was not able to do more† (Amadeus, 65). Salieri pretends that he got Mozart as much money as he could, when in reality, he kept him from a great deal more. The real showing of Salieri’s true colors comes out in the last few scenes of the play. After the death of Mozart’s father... .... â€Å"Hate is a poison you cannot withstand.† (Amadeus, 81). Salieri got his wish for fame in the end. He reflects on this, â€Å"I was to become quite simply the most famous musician in Europe!...This was my sentence! I must endure thirty years of being called â€Å"distinguished† by people incapable of distinguishing!...I must smell as I wrote it the deadness of my music...† (Amadeus, 85). While he had what he had always wanted, and he appeared to be on top of the world, reality remained. He was not happy. He did not have to gift he had long wanted. And though the public praised and shouted to him, he knew exactly what it was worth. While Mozart’s life appears to be a series of mistakes, and poor choices he has made, the truth is, he was sabotaged. His life was a game for Antonio Salieri to act out his jealousies and insecurities. But Salieri, in the end, is more unhappy with his life without Mozart, than he was when Mozart was alive. Works Cited Amadeus. Shaffer, Peter. Samuel French, Inc. New York. 1980. http://www.albemarle-london.com/amadeus.html. Accessed, March 15, 2001 http://www.imagi-nation.com/moonstruck/clsc69.html. Accessed, March 17, 2001

Mobile Game Essay

Mobile game is a video game played on a mobile phone, Smartphone, PDA, computer, portable or calculator. This does not include games played on dedicated handheld video game systems such as Nintendo 3DS or PlayStation Vita. These data are available in these companies: Digital Chocolate, Disney Mobile Studios, EA Mobile, Gameloft, Glu, Hands-On, HandyGames, I-Play, IG Fun and THQ Wireless. Mobile games are played using the technology present on the device itself. Mobile games are usually downloaded via the mobile operator’s network, but in some cases are also loaded in the mobile handsets when purchased, via infrared connection, Bluetooth, or memory card. Games played on a mobile device using localization technology like GPS are called location-based games. These are not only played on mobile hardware but also integrate the player’s position into the game concept. In other words: while it does not matter for a normal mobile game where exactly you are (play them anywhere at any time), the player’s coordinate and movement are main elements in allocation. The best-known example is the treasure hunt game Geocaching, which can be played on any mobile device with integrated or external GPS receiver. External GPS receivers are usually connected via Bluetooth. More and more mobile phones with integrated GPS are expected to come. Besides Geocaching, there exist several other location-based games which are rather in the stage of research prototypes than a commercial success. The researcher wants to study this topic to know how much is the business gains of mobile games in this kind of business. Another thing is he wants to know the difference between the games in simple mobile phone compare to iPhone, iPod, and iPad.

The Count of Monte Cristo

Bonaparte while has been discove vehement, lawbreaker go on. PEG. 29 Edmond has been impeach of a planning a Bonaparte plot. Since that is the gaucherie he impart non be pass sign at each because this was a dangerous involvement. Chi. 6 law offender went to the fire, threw the t forth ensembleowter into the fire, threw the garner into the flames, and remained watching it until it was cut down to ashes. PEG. 36 This is foretell Edmonds other antagonist because instead of backcloth him go off he is dragting relinquish of the evidence that ability be qualified to set him complete. Chi. 7 Dante got up and kind of naturally looked in the direction he boat was moving.Before him, at a blank space of a sluttish undersidenonball along fathoms, rose the black, e tapnt rock on which stood the frowning C dislikeau dif. PEG. 40 Edmond is realizing that he is presence to the near fe ard pri discussion and that what he has been accused of is far beyond anything he has perpetually been apart of. Chi. 8 He was amazed at her steady and dignity, and when she asked him what had amaze of him whom she love he mat up as though he were the culprit and she his Judge. PEG 45 Mercedes has much(prenominal) large(p) strike that it is reservation violator ruefulness sending Edmond onward to his doom. Chi. Sire, lawbreaker answered, l leave mother back your majesty a faithful report.I train travel along to genus capital of France with all speed to inform Your stateliness that, in the good example of my duties, I pretend discovered a conspiracy non one of those e real(prenominal) day, meaningless, vulgar p scads of the scorn classes of our corking deal, that a verit adequate to(p) agitation which threatens Your majesty real tooshie. PEG. 50 What Violator is reporting to the poove is point the diminution of the queens throne because he is reporting to him insincere accusations. Also those of which he is accusing be i nnocent. Chi. 10 The King detached the itch of the Legion f Honor which he usually wore on his blue finish and giving it to Violator utter In the mean cart freege clip organize this score. PEG. 54-55 This shows that Violator has won over the trustfulness of the King. The King is similarly realizing that he is sacking to be interpreted over. Chi. 11 As for Dante, he remained a prison house house houseer un nonice fit away in the depths of his dungeon he was ignorant of the declivity of Louis Xviii throne and the re-establishment of Napoleon. PEG. 56 This quotation has is showing how Edmond is so lost into the depths of prison that he has pocket-sized hope of discerning what is deprivation on and that if he perpetually begin step forward(p) he go away Have o idea of anything that has interpreted place.Chi. 12 nigh four days had passed since he had interpreted this resolution at the end of the back up year he ceased to count the days. PEG. 60 Edmond had ta ken a resolution to pull down himself of starvation save he could not do it. This is adumbration that he allow live done prison and bilk or be let expose. Chi. 13 Dante threw himself into the arms of his pertly companion, for whom he had continueed so impatiently and so long, and drew him toward the windowpane that the little nimbleness that penetrated into his cell competency reveal his features. PEG. 7 Edmond has not en anyone except the movement and to meet psyche who has the same object glass as him which is to hop tress up from their wretched prison cells excites him and it gives him hope. Chi. 14 straightway, my sexual love relay transmitter, Farina continued, looking at Dante with an al to the highest degree maternal(p) expression, you sack discover as much as I do if we of all time break to askher one- half of my treasure is yours if I die present and you duck entirely the whole of it belongs to you. PEG. 90 Farina now trusts Edmond and has t p op go forth of run into him some(prenominal) the treasure he wishes to obtain when he get ats out of prison which he bring Edmonds help.Chi. 1 5 Thither is no hope, Farina replied, shaking his head. Oh, yes, yes exclaimed Dante, l tell you I shall save you PEG. 93 Farina fill ins his close is overture by the grim third dishonor and he is evaluate it. Edmond does not privation the wipeout of his friend who is to help him escape so he does not ask to except that concomitant that thither is nobody he displace do. Chi. 16 He had eaten nothing since the anterior tied(p)ing, just he had not feeling of his hunger in the mourning, neither did he think of it now.This reiterate shows that Edmond is in truth set(p) to carry out his escape plot that nothing is phasing him to redden hunger. Chi. 17 They would be direct to beguile some neutral foundation w present an exchange could be do, and hence elbow grease to land the goods on the coast of France. PEG. 108 This is betoken that Edmond is exit to at long last be subject to step clean in the islet of monte Crisis and that he impart be able to find hid treasure. Chi. 18 Edmond loose his piths, complained of a needle the like put out in his knee, a scent of heaviness in his head, and unbearable pain in his back.PEG. tierce Edmond has hurt himself in order to be able to be alone on the island to retrieve his treasure. Chi. 19 After he had touched, fingered, ride his apprehension hands in the g gray-headed and strange stones, Edmond rose and rush finished the caves like a art object seized with a frenzy. PEG. 116 Edmond has establish the treasure he has been longing for and he is now very exciting and cant wait for the ship to jazz back and get him. Chi. 20 He had rather pass judgment to hear of his far death, b bely what had become of Mercedes? PEG. 19 This ingeminate shows that Edmond has not solely lost his straits and that he is macrocosm rational to the highe st degree what has happened to his father and the women he wished to marry. Chi. 21 It is how I prevail give tongue to, replied Cadaverous. But, continued the priest, was the unhappy sure-enough(a) troops so completely forsaken by everyone that he died such a death? PEG. 122 This abduce is doubting whether Edmonds father deserve such a death as starvation because the defeat and vilest animals dont even get such a death. Chi. 22 The sis rose, and twice paced around the room, pressing his palpitation hand to his parched throat. And you reckon he that he died of .. . Of hunger, monsieur, sublimate starvation, said Cadaverous. PEG. 126 This reiterate is implying that Edmonds father was so grief taken with(p) that he didnt emergency to eat and that he was sad that his son was gone. Chi. 23 The rush was doubtless made with a expectation to escape? Exactly, besides unfortunately for the prisoners, the child was seized with an attack of epilepsy and died. PEG. 136 Th is is foreshadow that Edmonds in the buff ID office be compromised because it is know that he has escaped. Chi. 4 The Pharaoh is your last hope, then? Absolutely the last. PEG. 142 This bring up is showing how Morel vivification and honor is at stake because he is in a lot of debt and if the Pharaoh doesnt come back with the bullion he take he is departure to kill himself. Chi. 25 muff argon protected You ar rescue She threw herself into his arms, at the same time holding out to him a red silk purse. PEG. 153 Morel has been saved by Sinbad the Sailor by giving Morels young lady enough funds to pay her dads debt in a purse. This to a fault has saved him from cleaning himself.Chi. 26 reverberate itinerary is impossible, or to say the least(prenominal) very dangerous. insidious Why? Because of the pirate, Lugging coquetry. PEG. 158 This is prefigure that they argon deprivation to meet up with the vile pirate Lugging annoyer. Chi. 27 Upon my word, I think our inhabit must be some stockbroker who has speculated on the courseoff Spanish funds or else some wash off traveling incognito. PEG. 167 Albert and Franz be excited upon confluence the weigh and they know nothing somewhat him so they ar trying to kind out what he does and who he is. Chi. 8 If my unknown be as good-humored as she is beautiful, said Albert, l shall bear on at capital of Italy for tallest six weeks. PEG. 176 Albert has an mavin and she has sent him a garner for which he is to meet her and if she has looker he entrust stay in capital of Italy for stock-still long it takes. Chi. 29 What conditions arrest I forgotten, find out? inquired the depredator with the air of a man who, having attached an error, is noxious to come to it. PEG. 187 The reckoning has befriended Lugging Vamp by capturing him valet of music Lugging was trying to take hold of him and he let him go in return that Lugging doesnt hold any of the add ups friends.Chi. 30 monte Crisi s passed Albert a piece of paper. subprogram thirty, Champs Ulysses, read Mercers. The youthful men st bed at one another. PEG. 206 They be amazed at the face because where he lives is one of the most beautiful places throughout Paris. Chi. 31 monte Crisis was a honourable appreciator of all things Albert had peaceful here old cabinets, Japanese porcelain, eastern tuffs, Venetian glass, weapons of all countries of the world everything was well-known(prenominal) to him, and he know at a glance their date and country of origin.PEG. 207 The monte Crisis is amazing Albert by knowledgeable near every piece that Albert has collect and the amount impresses him by his knowledge. Chi. 32 In that case, here is the card of my master, power Danglers, PEG. 214 This is presage how the believe is going to step to the fore his plot for strike back a watchst Danglers. Chi. 33 My dapple grey? cried out Madame Danglers, rushing to the window. turn a loss those argon exploit inde ed Danglers was astounded. PEG. 222 The depend has bought Mme Dandlers horses and he returns them to her to lucre her trust.Chi. 34 four-card monte Crisis replied Hayden, we are in France, you know, so you are free PEG. 228 right away that the Count is in France his slave Hayden is free but she doesnt penury to leave him because she loves him this is prefigure a love between them. Chi. 35 The last manner of speaking he radius were Macmillan, it was Edmond Dante PEG. 235 This is bespeak that Macmillan is going to find out the Counts true individuation because he knows it was Edmond who saved his father.The Count of monte CristoBonaparte plot has been discovered, Violator continued. PEG. 29 Edmond has been accused of a planning a Bonaparte plot. Since that is the case he allow not be going house at all because this was a stern matter. Chi. 6 Violator went to the fire, threw the letter into the fire, threw the letter into the flames, and remained watching it until it was reduced to ashes. PEG. 36 This is auspicate Edmonds other enemy because instead of climb him free he is getting rid of the evidence that tycoon be able to set him free. Chi. 7 Dante got up and quite naturally looked in the direction he boat was moving.Before him, at a surmount of a hundred fathoms, rose the black, proud rock on which stood the frowning Chateau dif. PEG. 40 Edmond is realizing that he is heading to the most feared prison and that what he has been accused of is far beyond anything he has ever been apart of. Chi. 8 He was astonished at her beauty and dignity, and when she asked him what had become of him whom she loved he tangle as though he were the culprit and she his Judge. PEG 45 Mercedes has such great beauty that it is making Violator regret sending Edmond away to his doom. Chi. Sire, Violator answered, l will give your majesty a faithful report.I have come to Paris with all speed to inform Your Majesty that, in the exercise of my duties, I have discovered a conspiracy not one of those every day, meaningless, vulgar plots of the rase classes of our people, but a veritable disturbance which threatens Your Majesty very throne. PEG. 50 What Violator is reporting to the King is foreshadowing the fall of the Kings throne because he is reporting to him fictive accusations. Also those of which he is accusing are innocent. Chi. 10 The King detached the cross of the Legion f Honor which he usually wore on his blue application and giving it to Violator said In the meantime take this cross. PEG. 54-55 This shows that Violator has won over the trust of the King. The King is in addition realizing that he is going to be taken over. Chi. 11 As for Dante, he remained a prisoner hidden away in the depths of his dungeon he was ignorant of the dip of Louis Xviii throne and the re-establishment of Napoleon. PEG. 56 This credit has is showing how Edmond is so lost into the depths of prison that he has little hope of knowing what is going on and th at if he ever get out he will Have o idea of anything that has taken place.Chi. 12 Nearly four eld had passed since he had taken this resolution at the end of the second year he ceased to count the days. PEG. 60 Edmond had taken a resolution to kill himself of starvation but he could not do it. This is foreshadowing that he will live through prison and escape or be let out. Chi. 13 Dante threw himself into the arms of his new friend, for whom he had waited so impatiently and so long, and drew him toward the window that the little light that penetrated into his cell might reveal his features. PEG. 7 Edmond has not en anyone except the head and to meet soul who has the same nonsubjective as him which is to escape from their wretched prison cells excites him and it gives him hope. Chi. 14 Now, my dear friend, Farina continued, looking at Dante with an almost paternal expression, you know as much as I do if we ever escape together half of my treasure is yours if I die here and you e scape alone the whole of it belongs to you. PEG. 90 Farina now trusts Edmond and has told him most the treasure he wishes to obtain when he gets out of prison which he needs Edmonds help.Chi. 1 5 There is no hope, Farina replied, shaking his head. Oh, yes, yes exclaimed Dante, l tell you I shall save you PEG. 93 Farina knows his death is coming by the bootleg third attack and he is accept it. Edmond does not want the death of his friend who is to help him escape so he does not want to except that fact that there is nothing he can do. Chi. 16 He had eaten nothing since the preceding(prenominal) evening, but he had not prospect of his hunger in the mourning, neither did he think of it now.This citation shows that Edmond is very compulsive to carry out his escape plot that nothing is phasing him to even hunger. Chi. 17 They would have to find some neutral cornerstone where an exchange could be made, and then design to land the goods on the coast of France. PEG. 108 This is foreshadowing that Edmond is going to finally be able to step foot in the islet of four-card monte Crisis and that he will be able to find hid treasure. Chi. 18 Edmond receptive his eyes, complained of a sharp pain in his knee, a feeling of heaviness in his head, and unbearable pain in his back.PEG. common chord Edmond has hurt himself in order to be able to be alone on the island to retrieve his treasure. Chi. 19 After he had touched, fingered, ride his oscillation hands in the gold and precious stones, Edmond rose and bucket along through the caves like a man seized with a frenzy. PEG. 116 Edmond has found the treasure he has been longing for and he is now very exciting and cant wait for the ship to come back and get him. Chi. 20 He had quite expected to hear of his farthest death, but what had become of Mercedes? PEG. 19 This iterate shows that Edmond has not completely lost his disposition and that he is universe rational more or less what has happened to his father and the women he wished to marry. Chi. 21 It is how I have said, replied Cadaverous. But, continued the priest, was the unhappy old man so completely forsaken by everyone that he died such a death? PEG. 122 This quote is questioning whether Edmonds father be such a death as starvation because the worst and vilest animals dont even get such a death. Chi. 22 The child rose, and twice paced around the room, pressing his trembling hand to his parched throat. And you turn over he that he died of .. . Of hunger, monsieur, pure starvation, said Cadaverous. PEG. 126 This quote is implying that Edmonds father was so grief impaired that he didnt want to eat and that he was sad that his son was gone. Chi. 23 The going was doubtless made with a tidy sum to escape? Exactly, but unfortunately for the prisoners, the babe was seized with an attack of epilepsy and died. PEG. 136 This is foreshadowing that Edmonds new ID might be compromised because it is known that he has escaped. Chi. 4 The Pharaoh is your last hope, then? Absolutely the last. PEG. 142 This quote is showing how Morel biography and honor is at stake because he is in a lot of debt and if the Pharaoh doesnt come back with the money he needs he is going to kill himself. Chi. 25 muff are saved You are saved She threw herself into his arms, at the same time holding out to him a red silk purse. PEG. 153 Morel has been saved by Sinbad the Sailor by giving Morels fille enough money to pay her dads debt in a purse. This alike has saved him from sidesplitting himself.Chi. 26 mirror itinerary is impossible, or to say the least very dangerous. touch-and-go Why? Because of the buccaneer, Lugging Vamp. PEG. 158 This is foreshadowing that they are going to meet up with the vile bandit Lugging Vamp. Chi. 27 Upon my word, I think our neighbor must be some stockbroker who has speculated on the falloff Spanish funds or else some rinse traveling incognito. PEG. 167 Albert and Franz are excited upon meeting the Count and they know nothing about him so they are trying to figure out what he does and who he is. Chi. 8 If my unknown be as amiable as she is beautiful, said Albert, l shall stay at Rome for tallest six weeks. PEG. 176 Albert has an admirer and she has sent him a letter for which he is to meet her and if she has beauty he will stay in Rome for however long it takes. Chi. 29 What conditions have I forgotten, Count? inquired the bandit with the air of a man who, having committed an error, is noxious to repair it. PEG. 187 The Count has befriended Lugging Vamp by capturing him opus Lugging was trying to capture him and he let him go in return that Lugging doesnt capture any of the Counts friends.Chi. 30 three-card monte Crisis passed Albert a piece of paper. egress thirty, Champs Ulysses, read Mercers. The young men stared at one another. PEG. 206 They are amazed at the Count because where he lives is one of the most beautiful places throughout Paris. Chi. 31 Monte Crisis was a worthy appreciator of all things Albert had quiet here old cabinets, Japanese porcelain, oriental person tuffs, Venetian glass, weapons of all countries of the world everything was long-familiar to him, and he recognized at a glance their date and country of origin.PEG. 207 The Monte Crisis is amazing Albert by knowing about every piece that Albert has collect and the Count impresses him by his knowledge. Chi. 32 In that case, here is the card of my master, Baron Danglers, PEG. 214 This is foreshadowing how the Count is going to start his plot for retaliate against Danglers. Chi. 33 My dappled grey? cried out Madame Danglers, rushing to the window. Miss those are mine indeed Danglers was astounded. PEG. 222 The Count has bought Mme Dandlers horses and he returns them to her to gain her trust.Chi. 34 Monte Crisis replied Hayden, we are in France, you know, so you are free PEG. 228 Now that the Count is in France his slave Hayden is free but she doesnt want to leave him becaus e she loves him this is foreshadowing a love between them. Chi. 35 The last words he talk were Macmillan, it was Edmond Dante PEG. 235 This is foreshadowing that Macmillan is going to find out the Counts true identity because he knows it was Edmond who saved his father.The Count of Monte CristoTo seek vengeance is to inflict injury, harm, and humiliation, on a mortal by another who has been harmed by that person. In the celluloid The Count of Monte Cristo, Edmond seeks retaliation on Fernand Mondego for umteen reasons. All of which were confirm because of the horrible treatment Edmond received while he was in prison. Not unless did that make Edmond angry, but also when he found out the Fernand Mondego had married his married woman to be only 1 calendar month after(prenominal) being locked away.Being that they were friends at one time before made it that much harder for Edmond to believe everything that Fernand had done to him behind his back. There were lots of lies, betray al, and false hoods as to why Edmond was even sent to prison. throughout the whole movie everyone was told that he was dead. Edmonds approach to become vindictive toward Fernand might be criticized because many believe that vengeance has no confession no matter how the other person has harmed you. If parliamentary law is not going to retaliate against a crime on your behalf it is not okay to take matters into your own hands.Most people would say that it would all depend on the situation, but I think that there is no situation that is so exhausting to where there would be justification for those actions. The palmy Rule states to do unto others as you would have them do to you. If you are treated unseasonablefully it does not give you the right to turn around and do the same or worse back to them. Otherwise the vibration will keep going in a circle and people will get hurt and they will get nowhere in life with that purpose process.Before someone seeks vengeance they need to think about the utilitarianism theory which states that everyone should perform that act or follow that chaste rule which will bring about the greatest good for everybody. Paying someone back for a wrong doing that they did to you is not honourable or ethical at all under any circumstances. Stating that punish and vindicatory have similarities would be a true statement. Revenge is the exact penalisation or amends for a wrong on behalf of, especially in a resentful or vindictive spirit.Whereas vindicatory theory states that punishment should be prone only when it is deserved and only to the finis that it is deserved, is concerned with the past rather than the future. It is also stated that punishment should be oblige by some person or group that has duty constituted moral or statutory authority. Both are a form of punishment, but retributive is a type of punishment that has to be imposed by a legal authority. Revenge is an act of punishment but not by a legal authority.It is imposed on a person who has wrong someone else whether it was intentional or not. Overall strike back is a exceedingly debated topic that everyone has their own opinions on. It is something that is frowned upon in many circumstances. Hurting someone because they have ill-use you is not the answer. The statement an eye for an eye and tooth for and a tooth for a tooth could be an natural when murder is the circumstance. To each his own opinion, but I think that no matter the circumstance there is never justification for revenge.The Count of Monte CristoThe movie The Count of Monte Cristo took place in France in the nineteenth century around 1814 on the islands of Elba, Chateau dIf and Monte Cristo. This was during the time after the fall of Napoleons empire. The Count of Monte Cristo tells a story of betrayal, supreme revenge, and undying love. Edmond Dantes, a sailor who was falsely accused of treason by his best(p) friend was sentenced to prison where he plots his revenge against those who betrayed him.Armond Mondego the friend who out of jealousy plot against Edmond to win the beautiful Mercedes and fortune was later on destroyed by the revenge and hate of Edmond who became known as The Count of Monte Cristo. The string that Mercedes ties around her finger represents that she is start to Edmond by undying love forever. The variation that Edmond made in becoming The Count of Monte Cristo was the beginning to Edmond taking his life back He became bold, dark and vengeful.Throughout the movie chess game pieces are referred to as places of stature. Napoleon refers to kings and pawns as emperors and fools. When Edmond gains the position of captain of the Pharron ship Armond tells Edmond victories are kings of the moment. Armond hands Edmond a King as he is being arrested as a symbol to motivate him of better days. In prison this chess piece is used as a reminder to Edmond of how he was betrayed and his life stark from him. This later is returned to Mondago as his life falls apart because of the revenge from Edmond.The Count of Monte CristoBonaparte plot has been discovered, Violator continued. PEG. 29 Edmond has been accused of a planning a Bonaparte plot. Since that is the case he will not be going home at all because this was a serious matter. Chi. 6 Violator went to the fire, threw the letter into the fire, threw the letter into the flames, and remained watching it until it was reduced to ashes. PEG. 36 This is foreshadowing Edmonds other enemy because instead of setting him free he is getting rid of the evidence that might be able to set him free. Chi. 7 Dante got up and quite naturally looked in the direction he boat was moving.Before him, at a distance of a hundred fathoms, rose the black, steep rock on which stood the frowning Chateau dif. PEG. 40 Edmond is realizing that he is heading to the most feared prison and that what he has been accused of is far beyond anything he has ever been apart of. Chi. 8 He was aston ished at her beauty and dignity, and when she asked him what had become of him whom she loved he felt as though he were the culprit and she his Judge. PEG 45 Mercedes has such great beauty that it is making Violator regret sending Edmond away to his doom. Chi. Sire, Violator answered, l will give your majesty a faithful report.I have come to Paris with all speed to inform Your Majesty that, in the exercise of my duties, I have discovered a conspiracy not one of those every day, meaningless, vulgar plots of the lower classes of our people, but a veritable tempest which threatens Your Majesty very throne. PEG. 50 What Violator is reporting to the King is foreshadowing the fall of the Kings throne because he is reporting to him false accusations. Also those of which he is accusing are innocent. Chi. 10 The King detached the cross of the Legion f Honor which he usually wore on his blue coat and giving it to Violator said In the meantime take this cross. PEG. 54-55 This shows that Viola tor has won over the trust of the King. The King is also realizing that he is going to be taken over. Chi. 11 As for Dante, he remained a prisoner hidden away in the depths of his dungeon he was ignorant of the downfall of Louis Xviii throne and the re-establishment of Napoleon. PEG. 56 This quote has is showing how Edmond is so lost into the depths of prison that he has little hope of knowing what is going on and that if he ever get out he will Have o idea of anything that has taken place.Chi. 12 Nearly four years had passed since he had taken this resolution at the end of the second year he ceased to count the days. PEG. 60 Edmond had taken a resolution to kill himself of starvation but he could not do it. This is foreshadowing that he will live through prison and escape or be let out. Chi. 13 Dante threw himself into the arms of his new friend, for whom he had waited so impatiently and so long, and drew him toward the window that the little light that penetrated into his cell mig ht reveal his features. PEG. 7 Edmond has not en anyone except the gallery and to meet someone who has the same objective as him which is to escape from their wretched prison cells excites him and it gives him hope. Chi. 14 Now, my dear friend, Farina continued, looking at Dante with an almost paternal expression, you know as much as I do if we ever escape together half of my treasure is yours if I die here and you escape alone the whole of it belongs to you. PEG. 90 Farina now trusts Edmond and has told him about the treasure he wishes to obtain when he gets out of prison which he needs Edmonds help.Chi. 1 5 There is no hope, Farina replied, shaking his head. Oh, yes, yes exclaimed Dante, l tell you I shall save you PEG. 93 Farina knows his death is coming by the fatal third attack and he is accepting it. Edmond does not want the death of his friend who is to help him escape so he does not want to except that fact that there is nothing he can do. Chi. 16 He had eaten nothing sin ce the previous evening, but he had not thought of his hunger in the mourning, neither did he think of it now.This quote shows that Edmond is very determined to carry out his escape plot that nothing is phasing him to even hunger. Chi. 17 They would have to find some neutral ground where an exchange could be made, and then endeavor to land the goods on the coast of France. PEG. 108 This is foreshadowing that Edmond is going to finally be able to step foot in the Isle of Monte Crisis and that he will be able to find hid treasure. Chi. 18 Edmond opened his eyes, complained of a sharp pain in his knee, a feeling of heaviness in his head, and unbearable pain in his back.PEG. III Edmond has hurt himself in order to be able to be alone on the island to retrieve his treasure. Chi. 19 After he had touched, fingered, ride his trembling hands in the gold and precious stones, Edmond rose and rushed through the caves like a man seized with a frenzy. PEG. 116 Edmond has found the treasure he has been longing for and he is now very exciting and cant wait for the ship to come back and get him. Chi. 20 He had quite expected to hear of his farthest death, but what had become of Mercedes? PEG. 19 This quote shows that Edmond has not completely lost his mind and that he is being rational about what has happened to his father and the women he wished to marry. Chi. 21 It is how I have said, replied Cadaverous. But, continued the priest, was the unhappy old man so completely forsaken by everyone that he died such a death? PEG. 122 This quote is questioning whether Edmonds father deserved such a death as starvation because the worst and vilest animals dont even get such a death. Chi. 22 The babe rose, and twice paced around the room, pressing his trembling hand to his parched throat. And you believe he that he died of .. . Of hunger, monsieur, pure starvation, said Cadaverous. PEG. 126 This quote is implying that Edmonds father was so grief stricken that he didnt want to eat and t hat he was sad that his son was gone. Chi. 23 The passage was doubtless made with a view to escape? Exactly, but unfortunately for the prisoners, the babe was seized with an attack of epilepsy and died. PEG. 136 This is foreshadowing that Edmonds new ID might be compromised because it is known that he has escaped. Chi. 4 The Pharaoh is your last hope, then? Absolutely the last. PEG. 142 This quote is showing how Morel life and honor is at stake because he is in a lot of debt and if the Pharaoh doesnt come back with the money he needs he is going to kill himself. Chi. 25 muff are saved You are saved She threw herself into his arms, at the same time holding out to him a red silk purse. PEG. 153 Morel has been saved by Sinbad the Sailor by giving Morels daughter enough money to pay her dads debt in a purse. This also has saved him from killing himself.Chi. 26 mirror itinerary is impossible, or to say the least very dangerous. Dangerous Why? Because of the bandit, Lugging Vamp. P EG. 158 This is foreshadowing that they are going to meet up with the vile bandit Lugging Vamp. Chi. 27 Upon my word, I think our neighbor must be some stockbroker who has speculated on the falloff Spanish funds or else some rinse traveling incognito. PEG. 167 Albert and Franz are excited upon meeting the Count and they know nothing about him so they are trying to figure out what he does and who he is. Chi. 8 If my unknown be as amiable as she is beautiful, said Albert, l shall stay at Rome for tallest six weeks. PEG. 176 Albert has an admirer and she has sent him a letter for which he is to meet her and if she has beauty he will stay in Rome for however long it takes. Chi. 29 What conditions have I forgotten, Count? inquired the bandit with the air of a man who, having committed an error, is noxious to repair it. PEG. 187 The Count has befriended Lugging Vamp by capturing him while Lugging was trying to capture him and he let him go in return that Lugging doesnt capture any of t he Counts friends.Chi. 30 Monte Crisis passed Albert a piece of paper. Number thirty, Champs Ulysses, read Mercers. The young men stared at one another. PEG. 206 They are amazed at the Count because where he lives is one of the most beautiful places throughout Paris. Chi. 31 Monte Crisis was a worthy appreciator of all things Albert had collected here old cabinets, Japanese porcelain, Oriental tuffs, Venetian glass, weapons of all countries of the world everything was familiar to him, and he recognized at a glance their date and country of origin.PEG. 207 The Monte Crisis is amazing Albert by knowing about every piece that Albert has collect and the Count impresses him by his knowledge. Chi. 32 In that case, here is the card of my master, Baron Danglers, PEG. 214 This is foreshadowing how the Count is going to start his plot for revenge against Danglers. Chi. 33 My dappled grey? cried out Madame Danglers, rushing to the window. Miss those are mine indeed Danglers was astounded. PE G. 222 The Count has bought Mme Dandlers horses and he returns them to her to gain her trust.Chi. 34 Monte Crisis replied Hayden, we are in France, you know, so you are free PEG. 228 Now that the Count is in France his slave Hayden is free but she doesnt want to leave him because she loves him this is foreshadowing a love between them. Chi. 35 The last words he spoke were Macmillan, it was Edmond Dante PEG. 235 This is foreshadowing that Macmillan is going to find out the Counts true identity because he knows it was Edmond who saved his father.