Plump legs indicate the dog is eating right

I decided to write about having a pug for this paper because I feel a certain level of affinity for these types of dogs. I did this paper by asking around, especially people who have dogs of their own and pet shop attendants. I in addition did some research on the mesh as to nature of these dogs.Pugs are toy dogs that are very emotional and have a low self-esteem. They look quite like a set on but smaller in size and usually have short mocha or khaki fur with a shade of black. When buying a pug pup or adopting one, the first thing to do is to check on the health of the pup before taking him/her home.Plump legs indicate the dog is ingest right check also for the ribs they should not be very prominent on the underside of the dog. Being conscious of the skin condition of the dog should also be considered owners should take notice of any sign of a rash or a skin infection.A dry puppy nose indicates that the dog is probably sick. Pugs have over sensitive eyes that are easily infecte d so it would be wise to check on the eyes also. After sacking through the physical condition of the dog, you should ask about the immunization shots already devolven to the dog like rabies and distemper shots.After this has been confirmed, look for the ownership cover and make accepted that your pug comes from a line of purebreds. Often, if the dog comes with freighterine association papers, it will already have a name in its acquit certificate otherwise, you can name the pup on your own. Opt for a short name, about one or two syllables, so that the dog can easily familiarize itself with its name.When you have decided on buying or adopting your pug, its now time to get him/her into a suitable transporting case/cage. garner sure to put your caged pug in the back seat or in a back cargo compartment and never in the trunk or your dog might die of suffocation or dehydration.Upon reaching home, you pug will be a bit disoriented, and will tend to crawl and order in one corner. Ot her puppies can be very enthusiastic, but not pug pups that are a bit more nervous when it comes to fresh environments. Take time to take your pug around the house and orient the pup of the various areas in the house occasionally pet the pup to give it reassurance. Then, after the initial orientation, give the pup some water.Then, next familiarize the pup with the more specific areas it is supposed to be in, like its sleeping basket, its feeding area, and its litter box. Since the dog is still a pup, it would not be difficult to house break the pup. This should be done next and in the following days. build up sure to reward the pup if it litters in its box and expressively train it to do so. Right after feeding the pup, wait for about thirty transactions to one hour and take it to its litter box and wait for it to defecate when it does, pat it or reward it with a toy or something.After making sure that your pup is well oriented with its surroundings, give it its first meal. Then allow it to rest.In the following days, keep a routine sequence of activities to accustom the pup to its level(p) day. Try to train it with simple commands like sit and heel. Always use a low commanding voice when training your pup. Rewarding the pup with bow-wow treats will make it more susceptible to obeying simple commands.A few things that one should remember when keeping a dog is to always make it feel cared for and love this is especially needed with pugs that are quite partial when it comes to associating with humans. Make sure that you feed your dog regularly, about twice a day, and always have a steady supply of water for it.Pay attention to hygiene such as teeth hygiene and its general hygiene. Give your pup regular baths, about at once every two days. Also take your pug to the vet regularly. If necessary, take your dog to the vet if you think it is sick.

Renewable Energy

Fung Chi Hong (10549602) Summary Nowadays, some people who supported renewable nothing suck in many questions for fully relying on renewable energy in the future. A factor why people do not consider renewable energy is economics. However, the fact is that renewable energy clear sack many economic problems. Anna Leidreiter expresses that the benefits of traditional energy are shared in only a few stakeholders renewable energy is owned by popular, so the big business do not agree renewable energy.If the benefits from the large enterprise can be shared to popular, a correct energy can transform, it was shown in the history. Also, Anna Leidreiter gives Denmark and Germany as the examples to show fully renewable energy. Finally, she suggests some policies are necessary to replace dodo provoke with renewable energy and countries should exchange the touch sensation with other countries. Comment After reading this article about economics and renewable energy, I meet follow comment. First, using renewable energy is an overwhelming general trend.According to the Anna Leidreiter, we can see that using renewable energy can substitute for fossil fuel in the Denmark and Germany. Using renewable energy not only can increase the opportunity of jobs, but also can help the economics stable. However, I think we should not just look to the money. In order to maintain a clean environment to our offspring, we should lay stress on environment security system one of the things we can do is using renewable energy. Referencing Leidreiter, Anna. Local Development through Community-Led Renewable Energy Renewable Energy World Magazine. 3 Apr. 2013. Web. 10 Apr. 2013Renewable EnergyFung Chi Hong (10549602) Summary Nowadays, some people who supported renewable energy have many questions for fully relying on renewable energy in the future. A factor why people do not consider renewable energy is economics. However, the fact is that renewable energy can solve many economic problems. Anna Leidreiter expresses that the benefits of traditional energy are shared in only a few stakeholders renewable energy is owned by popular, so the big business do not agree renewable energy.If the benefits from the large enterprise can be shared to popular, a correct energy can transform, it was shown in the history. Also, Anna Leidreiter gives Denmark and Germany as the examples to show fully renewable energy. Finally, she suggests some policies are necessary to replace fossil fuel with renewable energy and countries should exchange the opinion with other countries. Comment After reading this article about economics and renewable energy, I have follow comment. First, using renewable energy is an irresistible general trend.According to the Anna Leidreiter, we can see that using renewable energy can substitute for fossil fuel in the Denmark and Germany. Using renewable energy not only can increase the opportunity of jobs, but also can help the economics stable. However, I think we should not just look to the money. In order to maintain a clean environment to our offspring, we should lay stress on environment protection one of the things we can do is using renewable energy. Referencing Leidreiter, Anna. Local Development through Community-Led Renewable Energy Renewable Energy World Magazine. 3 Apr. 2013. Web. 10 Apr. 2013

Graphic Design as Main Communication Medium Essay

As multimedia advances to higher stages of development, the significance of written origination continues to increase. graphical purport was once considers a visual form of art. Over time, it has come to be recognized as form of discourse. Art and communication shine and serve culture. Culture contains the political and economic structure of the society. Therefore graphic design reflects and promotes political and economic systems.This reputation attempt to show that graphic design, layout design of the poster and artistic craftsmanship of typography are the main communication media that have served different cultures during different historical eras. Graphic design can be defined from umpteen another(prenominal) perspectives. For a layman, graphic design may simply refer to the production of printed, online, and manufactured materials that are visually appealing. Graphic design is reproduced in either large numbers or in gigantic media such as billboards so that it can get the attention of many people.Being a visual instrument of communication, it usually employs an effective combination of graphics and text in order to convey a message. Graphic design is prevalent in both the capitalists and complaisantist economies. The capitalist use it mainly to sell goods and services while the socialists use it to sell ideas to motivate people to agree with government policies and school for a socialist economy. Whatever the case , the of aim graphic design is to motivate people to act the information it relays is meant to move people and non proficient to satisfy the usual thirst for knowledge.Some people include paintings as graphic design but Barnard in the book, Graphic Design as Communication, denies that this is incorrect. unblemished paintings merely tell a story. They are being viewed only in the confines of private homes or museums. They are definitely not for popular consumption. Newark, in the book, The Gutenberg Galaxy, states that the coins fo und in Apollonia, Greece, which was estimated sometime in 450 BC may be considered the earliest products of graphic design. Because it was a form of currency, it was produced in large numbers.It has a archetypical logo and it was made with the use of a metal die, a technological wonder at that time. Jobling & Crowley define graphic design in relation to social structures and the historical context in which such structure exists. Graphic design is shaped by certain societys beliefs and morals. Jobling & Crowley identify three reckons that graphic design constitutes the following It is produced in large numbers It should be cheap and graphic design conveys ideas through a combination of words and images.However, Jobling & Crowley argue that not all products of graphic deign are cheap. In fact, some of them are symbolic of wealth and luxury. Newark defines graphic design by focusing on its functions. Graphic design functions as a means of communication. Once the design is able to att ract the attention of people, it must be able to explain its message with the nominal use of words, if any. Brand logos explain not only the product but also the quality it possesses. A graphic design becomes the identity of its subject. state begin to relate certain symbols to what they represent.For example, the elephant symbol becomes the Republican Party. These act on peoples emotions and become factors in determining how they feel the market. Knoblauch points out that communication shapes culture. Culture develops by communication and acceptable interaction by the society. In this regard, since graphic design is a medium of communication, it serves culture as well. It passes through many historical eras and different cultures. This is contrary to the common belief that it is just a product of the modern data processor technology.Technology is a continuous process and so is its evolution. History has shown that human beings had begun communicating through visuals before oral communication grew. McLuhan notes that Gutenberg press is an important stage in the evolution of graphic design. Invented around 1440 by Johannes Gutenberg, it made possible the mass production of literary material. Bibles were the first material to be produced. Gutenberg used a special character symbols which he developed himself to represent words and common Latin phrases.Gutenbergs visually attractive typography and lay-out made the Bible more appealing to people, a fact that served well the heathenish interests of the Holy Roman Empire . 1700s and 1800s saw further development of graphic design. This was the time that capitalism was developing at a rapid pace. Publishers were in vast competition with each other.. Therefore, graphic design was highly improved. At this point came there arose contradictions between publishers and authors. Publishers used graphic design especially on the covers to restrain it more attractive.The authors feared that this might change the context o f the book. This shows that graphic design can either enhance or destroys the context of the ext. Barchas, J. warns us not to make conception by looking at the cover of a book since graphic design may convey anther meaning. Graphic design is developing further. The advancement of computer and information technology has made it possible for graphic arts to be blended with other media Graphic design has been used tin advertisement.Eisend advises that the advertisers have to induce graphic design that effectively sells a product. The graphic design must also be able to convince the consumer to buy only the brand that it promotes. Lindstrom notes that many companies are gradually transforming the traditional billboards into audio-visual displays, which appeal to more senses other than just sight. In conclusion, graphic design can either be a factor to encourage the survival of a social system or it can destroy it to introduce a new one. Reference The given research paper

Agreed Ways of Working Essay

Agreed ways of working, this is simply how you will work. It is important to know what is expected of you in your role and in turn what to expect from others. In health and social care, there are concur ways working you will have with an employer also, with go users. Some examples of agree ways of working in health and social care are An agreed way of working with an employer would be to follow safety procedures relating to health and safety, for example, to follow the Food Hygiene Regulations 2005. This statute concerns how food should be deald safely to avoid contamination and food poisoning. This is in order to protect the work user from potential harm in addition, it is a legal requirement. An agreed way of working could be to protect the divine service users confidentiality. As long as a situation does non place the service user in danger or give pay back for concern, then a care worker must keep information given to them confidential. It is the responsibility of the hea lthcare worker to handle information appropriately this applies to all information whether it is an opinion given verbally, social information, or financial or medical records. If this agreement would be broken then trust would be lost between service user and carer additionally, it is likely to cause disciplinal action.The refusal to accept any gifts or money from service users, their families or other carers, would be an agreed way of working. This would be to protect both employer and employee from any legal allegations concerning the gifts in the future also, this protects the professionalism of both employer and employee and protects these boundaries. This would be an agreed way of working with both employer and service users. Another agreed way of working would be to conduct your work within your expected limits and abilities. In each stock there are responsibilities and duties you are trained to perform, you agree to not exceed these limits an example of this would be if a care worker administered medication to a service user without the appropriate training. Such an occurrence could cause serious or potentially fatal harm to the individual the care worker is supposed to protect, disciplinary action would be taken and possibly legal action additionally. An agreed way of working with a service user would be to treat the individual with dignity, compassion and respect.

Summary of Everyday Use

Alices Walkers, common make use of, tells a story of a Confederate, African American family that consist of florists chrysanthemum, the storys narrator, and her dickens daughters, Dee, the sure-enough(a)est, and her sister, Maggie. Set during the back to Africa movement of the early 1970s, when African Americans removed their sur heels or names fully and select new names that represented their African hereditary pattern, Dee leaves home for college and returns to announce the change of her name from Dee to Wangero.She collects items that milliampere and Maggie uses general to effect with her, and fin completelyy tries to take a quilt that has been stitched together by her family for generations. Everyday Use by Alice Walker reveals the intracultural class within the Black community as African Americans struggle to flip together the elements of their lives that be some(prenominal) African and American into a cohesive whole. Alice Walker characterizes Dee as an aggressiv e, self-assured woman who normally gets what she wants.Mama recalls, Dee wanted nice things. She was determined to stare down any hazard in her effortAt sixteen she had a style of her own and knew what style was (paragraph 12). Dee has ambitions and goals and lets nonhing chase away her from reaching them. She has her own way of going about things and is determined to get her way no involvement what. Highly intelligent and ambitious, Dee goes to give lessons to further her education and to expand her horizon, and, while in college, Dee learns the culture of her battalion.However, Dees intelligence and ambition are characteristics that lead to the conflict in the story because they also reveal Dees naivety and the static nature of Walkers character development. Because she always gets her way, Dee is single minded and does not see the clash she creates between herself and her family members. When she first returns home, she snaps photos of Mama and Maggie sitting on the porch as if they are artifacts of an old way of life, illustrating their setting in an old way of life, and her modern, Afro-centric world.She flaunts her education by reading to Mama and Maggie and nominates supernumerary information as if they are dimwits further contrasting herself with her fix and sister, and does not realize the division she is causing. Dee has gotten all that she has wanted however, her education does not indicate a dynamic development in her character. The level of Dees greed and superiority are finally revealed as she tries to take a quilt Mama has promised to Maggie. Dee and Mama argue for a while then Dee claims, Maggie cant appreciate these quiltsTheyre ricelessYou just tire outt understandYour inheritance (paragraph 66-81). Dee knows the objects are of valuable, so she wants to show them off, in her world, as an example of her approach from nothing to the college educated woman she has become. Walkers character development allows the setting to show in th e contrast of Dees world, her stroking hand adorned in bangles as part of her African grab, against the lessened much used quilt from Mama and Maggies world.Dee believes Mama doesnt understand her own heritage because the quilt is rare and valuable, and she doesnt see why Maggie, who doesnt know how valuable the quilts are and leave put it to everyday use, should have them. Even though Dee is gifted and excels in school, she is completely unaware that her neat cultural heritage, honor, survival, family and family history, have been passed down through generations. Driven by ego and blinded to the truth, Dee thinks her culture is plunge in books rather than the stitches of the quilts, the fabric of her m other(a)s promise to her children.Mama wants to honor her promise to give the quilts to Maggie, and it was Mama who provided Dee with the opportunity to receive an education, But that was before we raised the money, the church and me, to send her to Augusta to school (paragraph 1 1). Dee, however, does not realize the history of her culture is not just in the quilts, the items and pictures, but the people that take the knowledge and abilities they learned from their ancestors to provide for the current and next generation thats why culture heritage can not be learned in school.On the other hand, Maggie, the sister who does not go to school, is fully aware of her cultural heritage. Maggie, being very family-orientated, reveals the knowledge of her family. Dee asks for the dasher, her friend asks if Uncle Buddy had made it and they both look at Mama for confirmation, but it was Maggie who says, Aunt Dees first husband whittled the dashHis name was Henry, but they called him Stash (paragraph 52). In recognition of Maggies expertise of the familys history Dee says Maggie has the brain of an elephant meaning she call ups a lot.Maggie comprehends the family history and can identify what responsibilities people in the family possessed. Mamas brother-in-law, her s isters husband, helped Mamas family by making them a dasher Walker uses this to illustrate how united their families are because they go to each other when needed. In addition, they gave Mamas brother-in-law a nickname nicknames are a subscribe to of affection and Maggie calls him by his nickname which shows their close relationship. Maggie inherited her culture customs.Mama explains, She knows she is not brightShe bequeath marry John Thomas and then Ill be free to sit here and I guess just sing church songs to myself (paragraph 13). Maggie will become like her mom and keep the customs of the southern black woman because she too is uneducated, will marry, and raise kids. Walker reveals the cultural heritage of southern blacks that they are supposed to get married and raise children. Maggie tells Mama Dee can have the quilt, which was promised to her, and she can remember her grandmother without the quilt.Maggie says, She can have them, MamaI can member Grandma Dee without the qu ilts (paragraph 74). Then Mama explains, It was Grandma Dee and Big Dee who taught her how to quilt herself. She stood there with her scarred hands hidden in the folds oh her skirt (paragraph 75). Maggie doesnt need the quilt to remember her grandmother because she has memories which are more valuable to her than the quilt. The quilt is just a symbol of the memories Maggie had with her grandmother. Grandma Dee and Big Dee taught Maggie the skill of quilting which has been passed down through family generations.This shows the cultural heritage of the family that they are skilled quilt makers. Maggie is very family-orientated she learns the family skill of making quilts, has knowledge of the family tree and its history. Maggie is very close with her family because she calls them by their nicknames and has plenty of memories of the family. She will continue to pass on the culture heritage of the family by marrying, having children, teaching her children how to quilt, and charge the fa mily close together as did the people before her she is her family cultural heritage.What makes the story well written is because it reminds people that they are their cultural heritage and thats not something people can just get from a one dimensional textbookbook. It shows how two people can be raised by the same mother and have a different view of life, as in they are sisters by blood, grow up in the same house, and be so far apart. There is one sibling, Dee, she has a lot of text book knowledge of her peoples history, but loses raise up with her own cultural heritage, and than there is the other sister, Maggie, she has no text book knowledge of her peoples history but is living cogent evidence of her peoples history.A great lesson people need to learn because people are losing touch with their family morals and becoming less family orientated, which is weakening a lot of families. United people stand together and divided people falls, which is the key lesson the story, teache s and makes it a well written story because it is able to take something that is fortuity in real life and reflects it to where an average person can relate.

Artificial Intelligence and the Modern Military

Artificial countersign and the Modern war machine Wayne K Sullivan Saint Leo University MGT 327, CA01, Management Information musical arrangements Professor Lawrence Mister November 26, 2011 Purpose In todays armament, leaders ar continuously seeking counselings to incorporate refreshing engine room to take the place of human spends. It has hanker been an important goal to be able to remove the human element from the modern battlefield, thus alter high risk or sensitive political operations to be conducted without the fear of capture or exploitation of US international nautical mileitary personnel.One such(prenominal) incident occurred during the Cold fight, on May 1, 1960, during the presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower and during the leaders of Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev, when a fall in States U-2 spy plane was shot down over the air plaza of the Soviet Union. The United States government at first denied the planes purpose and mission, but then was forced to ta ke up its role as a covert surveillance aircraft when the Soviet government produced its intact inhabits and endure pilot, Francis Gary Powers, as easy as photos of military bases in Russia taken by Gary Powers.Artificial wisdom (AI) has been fully merged within unaccompanied levels within the Department of Defense (DOD), from software package programs designed to efficiently data exploit the vast amounts of intelligence collected to complex quantum computing design to monitor and direct usable units in real time on the modern battlefield. This paper leave tail assembly focus just now on a few Real world Combat remainss shortly utilized within the Department of Defense (DOD). indoors the Department of Defense (DOD), the word supreme is equivalent to and often substituted for the term Artificial Intelligence (AI).Autonomous is specify by Websters dictionary as Having independent existence or laws (Webster, 2011) , where as Artificial Intelligence (AI) is defined in t he Encyclopedia Britannica as the ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled golem to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings. (Britannica, 2011), both definitions define the over altogether goal of the DOD, Independent fleck organizations that amplify soldier survivability and become a force multiplier in the combat theater of operations. And is being explored for all branches of the service for uses on land, sea, and air. Back maroonIn todays modern combat arenas, such as Iraq and Afghanistan, the desire for independent vehicles and intelligent combat systems is higher than ever. Currently within our armed forces there are numerous combat systems that are experimenting with unlifelike intelligence, designed to reduce or eliminate the need for combat soldiers on missions or tasks that are considered to dangerous for human operators. These missions or task include Biological or Chemical detection, volatile Ordinance sensing and Demolition (EOD), H igh value target identification and covert chamfering, and Treat Detection and Neutralization.Artificial Intelligence (AI) is finally reaching the point where it is now feasible, and is starting to demonstrate its capabilities in the combat environment. AI techniques are becoming so ubiquitous that the computers that now bear the label Intel inside could well be labeled AI inside, says Alan Meyrowitz, director of the navy Center for Applied Research in Artificial Intelligence at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) in Washington (Rhea, 2000).Now, with a combination of military-funded development programs and the accessibility of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) technology, the military services are beginning real world implementation. AI methods in such un assayed generations of weapons platforms as remote-controlled aerial vehicles (UAVs), autonomous submersibles to perform unmanned counter terrorism and surveillance operations in shallow water welkins, and Fully Autonomous Land Vehicles designed for soldier support as well as search and destroy (Rhea, 2000).United States Army, which is the largest arm of the military by far, in a recent report, has laid out its plans to introduce an upgrade artificial intelligence within its ranks, via a plan integration plan/roadmap from present-day through 2035. Currently the key knowledge domains the Army is looking to artificial intelligence are chemical biological detection, counter explosive hazards, security, interdiction attack, and long-range strike capabilities (US Army, 2010).Deployed soldiers admit dozens of pounds of batteries, ammo, communications equipment and other Items such as food and water they have to carry on their backs, on top of heavy body armor, encumbering solders with up to 100lbs of additional weight. While this large amount of technology, is usable in combat, it cigarette greatly fatigue solders prior to engagements and can render soldiers severely limited or flush ineffective during sus tained engagements with the enemy (Knapik, 1989). It is this reason that the U. S. Army is experimenting with a variant of remotely controlled and unconstipated wearable machines to lighten this load.Some are deeply quirky, designed to resemble a head slight dog. The spooky spectacular Dog quadruped robot, which is being developed by robotics company Boston Dynamics, has some of the most move artificial intelligence and navigation systems in the planet. In fact, US Army officials are stunned by its programmed behaviors, which make Big Dog extremely helpful in the battlefield. Big Dog can break away along soldiers, walk slowly, or lay down to be loaded or unloaded with up to 400 lbs of gear, equivalent to ane full squads (6 men) backpacks, all while being aware of the terrain around it.No social function what happens, or how hard its hit, the robot maintains its course without falling on the ground under any circumstances. The only way to get him off its path is by a major dir ect hit, which could mean a rocket. U. S. Army Officials are optimistic for this beast. They see it as the most effective way to carry all kinds of material, reducing the weight that soldiers have to tug along, freeing them to move high-speed and be safer (Diaz, 2009). Another area the U. S.Army is excited about is the compact surveillance platforms that are now available, such as the Skylark I, advanced(a) mini -UAV system, a unique man-pack configuration designed for day and night observation and data charm up to distances of 10-15 km. The mini -UAV system is equipped with an exceptionally quiet electric motor, totally autonomous fledge, and nifty observation capabilities allowing for easy operation and orientation (Keren, 2004). Soldiers can launch the state-of-the-art AI flight system, afterwards a brief training period, usually only one week of computer software training, no pilot skills are required.It features a gyroscopic-stabilized gimbaled payload and a high degree o f autonomous flight from take-off to precise recovery, yielding real-time intelligence, the operator simply points the camera to where he wishes to look and the Skylark move there. The Skylark I system has proven itself in cloudy, rainy and windy weather conditions, the Skylark I has demo excellent optical survey, target identification and surveillance capabilities. This configuration, equipped with algorithms derived from larger Hermes UAVs, can track fixed and moving targets, an impressive faculty for a hand launched UAV.Skylark I can be apply for both defense and homeland security applications including perimeter security, border and coastal surveillance, anti-terrorism surveillance and a variety of law enforcement missions. Skylark I has already accumulated more than 3000 successful operational sorties and is currently operationally active in several theatres of the global war on terror. Skylark I set a new world record in high altitude flights, climbing to an altitude excee ding 16,000 feet and has demonstrated outstanding performance in weather conditions ranging from arctic to equatorial weather.Skylark I is equipped with Elbit Systems new-generation night payload. calculation only 700 grams, the thermal payload is the lightest in its class. The payloads capabilities include very wide area coverage, continuous tracking of moving targets and a higher resolution rate than any of its predecessors (Keren, 2004). Lastly we allow examine two of the U. S. Armys Unmaned Vehicle programs , first the Squad Mission Support System it looks as conventional as any six wheeled hauler youd see on an admittedly large loading dock, the size of a car with a flat back, readying it to cut down up to 600 lbs. worth of equipment onboard.It uses ladar, or laser radar, to identify the unit it needs to follow and drives off autonomously behind (Ackerman, 2011). Secondly is the Crusher, All branches of the United States military services are actively seeking new technology and programs that testament limit or eliminate the need to place service personnel in harms way. And direct and weapon systems become more advanced, it appears inevitable that someday in the not so distant future, autonomous machines bequeath be performing a large majority of mundane and repetitive task as well as tearing out specialized operations on the battlefield of the future.It is through organizations such as Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), whose mission is to maintain the technological superiority of the U. S. military and prevent technological surprise from harming our national security by sponsoring revolutionary, high-payoff research bridging the gap between thoroughgoing discoveries and their military use (DARPA, 2011). Unlike conventional bits or transistors, which can be in one of only two states at any one time (1 or 0), a qubit can be in several states at the same time and can therefore be used to hold and help a much larger amount of informat ion at a greater rate.A major blockage for realizing a quantum computer is the complexity of the quantum circuits required. As with conventional computers, quantum algorithms are constructed from a lesser number of chief(a) logic operations. Controlled operations are at the heart of the majority of important quantum algorithms. The traditional method to suck in controlled operations is to decompose them into the elementary logic gate set. However, this decomposition is very complex and prohibits the realization of even small-scale quantum circuits. The researchers now show a completely new way to approach this problem. By exploitation an extra degree of freedom of quantum particles, we can realize the control operation in a allegory way. We have constructed several controlled operations using this method, said Dr Xiao-Qi Zhou, research fellow working on this project, This will significantly reduce the complexity of the circuits for quantum computing. The RQ-4 Global Hawk is a high-altitude, long-endurance unmanned aircraft system with an integrated sensing element suite that provides intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance, or ISR, capability worldwide.Global Hawks mission is to provide a broad spectrum of ISR collection capability to support joint combatant forces in worldwide peacetime, contingency and wartime operations. The Global Hawk complements manned and space reconnaissance systems by providing near-real-time coverage using imagery intelligence or IMINT, sensors. Once mission parameters are programmed into a Global Hawk, the UAS can autonomously taxi, take off, fly, remain on station capturing imagery, return and land. Ground-based operators monitor the UASs status, and can change navigation and sensor plans during flight as necessary. (U.S. Air Force photo/Master Sgt. Jason Tudor Think the U. S. military has a lot of drones now? Just you wait. The Pentagon has just released its 30-year plan for buying and growing warplanes. And in a de velopment that should come as no surprise, the future the military anticipates for its Air Force, Army, Navy and Marine Corps air fleets together numbering more than 5,500 warplanes is more robotic than ever. The congressionally mandated Aircraft Procurement Plan 2012-2041 is, of course, change with conjecture. Any number of factors fiscal, strategic, industrial or technological could change nexpectedly, sending ripples through the Pentagons carefully-laid plans, currently projected to cost around $25 billion per year. simply based on current tech trends (everything always gets more expensive), anticipated (that is to say, flat) budgets and projected threats (China and terrorists, as usual), the military believes it can make do for the adjacent three decades with air fleets roughly the same size as todays with just one big exception. The robot air force will double in just the next nine-spot years. The Avenger, or Predator C, is a major upgrade from the earlier versions.Wit h a 41-foot long fuselage and 66-foot wingspan, the Avenger is surefooted of staying in the air for up to 20 hours, and operating at up to 60,000 feet. Powered by a 4,800-lb. thrust Pratt & Whitney PW545B jet engine, it can fly at over 400 knots 50 percent faster than the turboprop-powered Reaper unmanned plane, and more than three times as quick as the Predator. The Avenger should withal be much harder to spot with wings, tails, weapons bays, and sides are all designed to reduce its radar signature. (General Atomics wont say if it used any of its specialized radar-absorbent materials in the drone, but its a fair bet. The new plane might not just take off from land. Designed with folding wings and a tailhook, the latest killer drone could wind up launching from an aircraft mailman, before it attacks it foes. SAN DIEGO, April 12, 2011 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) The Northrop Grumman Corporation (NYSENOC)-built MQ-8B ack-ack gun reconnoitre vertical takeoff and landing tactical unmanned aerial vehicle marked a new single-day flight record of 18 hours. U. S. Navy operators achieved the record using a single aircraft in a series of endurance flights Feb. 25 from the USS Halyburton (FFG 40). zeal sentinel is providing intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance data to support anti-piracy missions while deployed on the ship for the Navys 5th Fleet. Weve continually worked with the Navy to enhance Fire Scout since its last deployment to meet these types of operational needs, said George Vardoulakis, vice president for tactical unmanned systems for Northrop Grummans Aerospace Systems sector. These flights not only demonstrated Fire Scouts maturity, it showed how the system provides a much-needed extension for gathering crucial information during peacekeeping or wartime missions. In April 2010, Fire Scout concluded a military utility assessment on board the USS McInerney (FFG 8), a frigate similar to the USS Halyburton. Fire Scout has flown twice as much in the first two months on board the USS Halyburton than the stallion USS McInerney deployment. The system also completed initial flight tests on board the USS Freedom (LCS 1) in November. Fire Scout features a modular architecture that accommodates a variety of electro-optical/infrared and communications payloads. These payloads provide ground and ship-based commanders with high levels of situational awareness and precision targeting support.Fire Scouts ability to operate at low ground speeds makes it particularly well suited for supporting littoral missions such as drug interdiction, search and rescue, reconnaissance and port security. sharp unmanned autonomous systems includes the multi-role amulet family of unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs), which provide a flexible surveillance and defense capability for key facilities and assets, including harbours, inshore mine countermeasures and a range of oceanographic missions.The latest generation Talisman L uses the mission system, proven on th e larger Talisman M, and re-packages it into a two man man-portable system for port and harbor protection and inshore mine counter measures (MCM). It can be deployed from the shore, rigid take inflatable boats (RHIB) or any platform of opportunity with either low freeboard or a small crane or davit. The system utilises the same control interface as other vehicles in the Talisman family. Talisman L can be operated using a ruggedized laptop or similar portable device.Its open architecture command system also allows its integration with command & information systems aboard marine vessels or land-based vehicles. Data storage on the vehicle is arranged to facilitate rapid mission lapsing and analysis to maintain the tempo of operations. To fly the militarys baddest, most technologically advanced planes, you once had to have what turkey cock Wolfe called that righteous stuff the willingness to strap yourself to a jet-fuel laden machine and push it to the very limits of its mechanica l capabilities.Nowadays, unmanned systems have taken the human danger out of some combat missions, though human pilots remain at the sticks. But not for long. The Navys experimental X-47B combat system wont be remotely piloted, but intimately completely autonomous. Human involvement wont be of the stick-and-rudder variety, but handled with simple mouse clicks. Speaking to reporters at the sea Air Space convention near Washington, reps from both Northrop Grumman (maker of the X-47B) and the Navy said the X-47B would be piloted not by human handlers in some steel box in Nevada, but by 3. million lines of software code. The rest of its functions will be able to be handled by non-pilot personnel (or your average child), as they will only require clicks of the mouse a click to turn on the engines, a click to taxi, a click to initiate takeoff, etc. For flyboys proudly boasting their nighttime carrier landing cred, the idea is anathema. But given the difficulty and danger of carrier take offs and landings, automating them is one way to ensure safetyprovided the systems work the way they are supposed to.The X-47B has already taken to the skies from Edwards AFB earlier this year, but this is a Navy plane. As such, it will begin learning the ins and outs of carrier operations via simulated takeoffs and landings starting in 2013. If all goes well, the X-47B could be autonomously cover Navy pilots how to put a multimillion aircraft down on a sea-tossed carrier deck by 2014. Those carrier landings, of course, take a certain kind of touch. Specifically, that of an index finger on a standard resolution mouse (Dillow, 2011). On August 11, 2011, DARPA attempted to fly the fastest aircraft ever built.The Agencys run Hypersonic Technology Vehicle 2 (HTV-2) is designed to fly anywhere in the world in less than 60 minutes. This capability requires an aircraft that can fly at 13,000 mph, while experiencing temperatures in excess of 3500F. The second test flight began with launc h at 0745 Pacific Time. The Minotaur IV vehicle successfully inserted the aircraft into the desired trajectory. Separation of the vehicle was confirmed by rocket cam and the aircraft transitioned to Mach 20 aerodynamic flight. At HTV-2 speeds, flight time between in the buff York City and Los Angeles would be less than 12 minutes.Cited works University of California Santa Barbara. Physicists demonstrate quantum integrated circuit that implements quantum von von Neumann architecture. ScienceDaily, 1 Sep. 2011. Web. 25 Nov. 2011. University of Bristol. Dramatic simplification paves the way for building a quantum computer. ScienceDaily, 2 Aug. 2011. Web. 25 Nov. 2011. United States Airforce. WWW. AF. MIL. United States Airforce, 19 Nov. 2009. Web. 22 Nov. 2011. . Axe, David. post Next post Pentagon Looks to Double Its Unmanned Air Force. pumped up(p) Magazine. United States Airforce, 31 May 2011. Web. 22 Nov. 011. . Shachtman, Noah. Tiny Weapons, Jet Engines in Killer Drone Upgra des. pumped(p) Magazine. United States Airforce, 20 Apr. 2009. Web. 23 Nov. 2011. . Dillow, Clay. The Navys X-47B Will Be So Autonomous, You Can Steer It With Mouse Clicks. prevalent Science. N. p. , 12 Apr. 2011. Web. 25 Nov. 2011. . Diaz, Jesus. Big Dog Army Robot Will Change the Face of War Forever. Gizmo. com. N. p. , 26 Feb. 2009. Web. 26 Nov. 2011. . Knapik, Joseph. LOADS CARRIED BY SOLDIERSHISTORICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL,BIOMECHANICAL AND MEDICAL ASPECTS. The Defense Technical Information Center .U S ARMY RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MED, June 1989. Web. 26 Nov. 2011. . Autonomous. 1. Merriam-Webster. 2011. N. pag. Web. 26 Nov. 2011. . artificial intelligence (AI). Encyclop? dia Britannica. Encyclop? dia Britannica Online. Encyclop? dia Britannica Inc. , 2011. Web. 26 Nov. 2011. . Keren, Yarin. www. Israili. Weapons. com. Elbit Systems , 4 Feb. 2004. Web. 18 Nov. 2011. . Rhea, J. (2000, November 1). The next new frontier of artificial intelligence. In Military Aerospa ce. com. Retrieved November 7, 2011, . US Army UAS Center of Excellence. 2010, April). eye of the Army US Army roadmap for UAS 2010 -2035. In FAS. org. Retrieved November 7, 2011, from http//www. fas. org/irp/program/collect/uas-army. pdf. Ackerman, S. (2011, July 25). Army Preps Robot Mule for Afghan Action. In Wired. Com. Retrieved November 7, 2011, from http//www. wired. com/dangerroom/2011/07/army-preps-robot-mule-for-afghan-action/more-52823. DARPA. (2011). Army Preps Robot Mule for Afghan Action. In Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. Retrieved November 7, 2011, from http//www. darpa. mil/About. aspx. pic

Assessment and Students Essay

Journal opinion Conclusion Reccomendation III. INTRODUCTION Why do opinion? Are you guideing too little of your class? Are your schoolchilds approaching your soma as hurdlers, merely clearing required levels of functioning? Or ar they approaching your personal line of credit like high jumpers, push button themselves under your guidance to increasingly more challenging heights? If your students bent high jumpers, maybe its beca utilize you arent asking them to high jump.By using appropriate sagaciousness techniques, you gouge encourage your students to launch the height of the bar. There is considerable evidence showing that judgement drives student schooling. More than anything else, our estimation tools report students what we consider to be important. They give learn what we guide them to learn through our assessments. Traditional examineing methods lead been limited measures of student instruction, and equally importantly, of limited value for guiding student culture.These methods are often conflicting with the increasing emphasis being placed on the ability of students to think analytically, to understand and communicate at both detailed and big picture levels, and to acquire lifelong adroitnesss that permit continuous adaptation to hunt d ingestplaces that are in constant flux. More all over, because assessment is in some respects the glue that think the components of a course its content, instructional methods, and skills development changes in the structure of a course require coordinated changes in assessment.IV. search (CONTENT) What is judicial decision? sagacity is a systematic process of convocation, interpreting, and acting upon data related to student learning and experience for the purpose of developing a deep understanding of what students know, understand, and piece of ass do with their experience as a result of their educational experience the process culminates when assessment results are utilise to chang e consequent learning. Huba and Freed, 2000Key Points Assessment is an ongoing process aimed at understanding and improving student learning quadruplex methods Criteria and standards Evidence Students know, can do and understand Its more than just collecting data chronological succession in Preparing Instructionally Relevant Assessment INSTRUCTION Indicates the learning bulge outcomes to be attained by students LEARNING labour Specifies the particular set of learning task(s) to be assessed. sound judgment Provides a procedure designed to measure a representative sample of the instructionally relevant learning tasks.Is there close agreement? What is the Assessment Process? AIMS estimate ACTION ADJUSTMENT grandeur of Assessment To light upon out what the students know (knowledge) To find out what the students can do, and how comfortably they can do it (skill functioning) To find out how students go active the task of doing their work (process) To find out how students feel nearly their work (motivation, effort) What is Student Assessment for? *To befriend us design and transmute programs to develop promote learning and student success. To bring home the bacon common definitions and benchmarks for student abilities that will enable us to act more coherently and legally to promote student learning. *To provide feedback, guidance, and mentoring to students so as to help them better plan and execute their educational programs. *To provide improved feedback about student learning to hold up faculty in their work. Functions of Assessment Diagnostic tell us what the student needs to learn shaping tell us how head the student is doing as work progresses Summative tell us how well the student did at the end of a unit/task What can be assessed?Student learning characteristics -Ability differences -Learning styles Student motivational characteristics -Interest -Self-efficacy -goal orientation Learning Content knowledge Ability to apply content knowledge Skills Dispositions and attitudes accomplishments Direct and corroboratory Assessment Measures Direct methods ask students to demonstrate their learning while indirect methods ask them to reflect on their learning. Direct methods include objective tests, essays, case studies, problem solving exercises, presentations and classroom identifications. Indirect methods include surveys, interviews and student reflection and/or self-assessment essays.It is useful to include both direct and indirect assessment measures in your assessments. How should we assess? True False Item Multiple Choice Completion Short assist Essay Practical Exam Papers/Reports Projects Questionnaires Inventories Checklist Peer Rating Self Rating Journal Portfolio Observations Discussions Interviews Criteria In Choosing an Assessment Method It should be reliable. It should be valid. It should be simple to operate, and should not be too costly. It should be seen by students and society in general. It should benefit all students. Who should be involved in assessment?The instructor The student The students peer Administrator Parents What should we do with the information from our assessment? Use it to improve the focus of our teaching method (diagnosis) Use it to focus student attention of strengths and weaknesses (motivation) Use it to improve program intend (program assessment) Use it for reporting to parents Classroom Assessment Paper and pencil assessments Ask students to respond in theme to questions or problem -Item level Assessing lower vs. higher skills -Knowledge vs. application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation -Authentic tasks e. . multiple choice, T/F, matching (recognition), dead answer, essay (recall) Paper and Pencil Assessment Strengths -Can cover a lot of material reasonably well -Fair -Effective in assessing declarative knowledge of content Easier to construct and administer than act assessments Weaknesses -Require forethought and skill -Less effective in assessing p rocedural knowledge and creative mentation -Construction of right-hand(a) higher level recognition items is toilsome -Recall items that do a good job of assessing higher level thinking (essay questions) are tall(prenominal) to come to.Performance Assessments assessment that elicits and adjudicates actual student performances Types of Performances Products drawings, science experiments, term papers, poems, solution to authentic problems Behavior time campaign for running a mile, reciting a poem, acting tryouts, dancing Performance assessments Strengths Effective for assessing higher level thinking and authentic learning -Effective for assessing skill and procedural learning -Interesting and motivating for students Weaknesses -Emphasize depth at the expense of pretension Difficult to construct -Time consuming to administer -Hard to score fairly How can we assess student learning? Traditional assessment assess student knowledge and skills in relative isolation from real grou nd context. Traditional assessment practices reflect what students are able to recall from memory through various means, such as, multiple choice, true/false, fill in the blank, and matching questions. Authentic assessment assess students ability to use what theyve learning in tasks equivalent to those in the outside world.Occurs when the authenticity of student learning has been observed. It requires information from a variety of source such as content work samples, observation during class activities, and conferences with students. Classroom Assessment Informal Assessment teachers spontaneous, day to day observations of student performances. Examples Verbal -Asking questions -Listening to student discussions -Conducting student conferences Nonverbal -Observing -Task performances -On-and off-task appearance -student choices -student body languageInformal Assessment Strengths -Facilitates responsive teaching -Can be done during teaching -Easy to individualise Weaknesses -Require s high level of teacher skill -Is vulnerable to -Bias -Inequities Mistakes Classroom Assessment Formal assessment assessment that is planned in near and used to assess a predetermined content and/or skill domain. Strengths -allows the teacher to evaluate all students systematically on the important skills and concepts -helps teachers determine how well students are progressing over the entire year -provides useful information to parents and administrators.Portfolios A collection of student samples representing or demonstrating student schoolman harvest-time. It can include formative and summative assessment. It may contain written work, journals, maps, charts, survey, sort reports, peer reviews and some new(prenominal) such items. Portfolios are systematic, purposeful, and meaningful collections of students work in one or more subject areas. Importance of Portfolios For Students Shows growth over time Displays students accomplishment Helps students make choices Encourages the m to take responsibility for their work Demonstrates how students thinkImportance of Portfolios For Teachers Highlights performance-based activities over year Provides a asheswork for organizing students work Encourages collaboration with students, parents, and teachers Showcases an ongoing curriculum Facilitates student information for decision making Importance of Portfolios For Parents Offer insight into what their children do in school Facilitates communication between kin and school Gives the parents an opportunity to react to what their child is doing in school and to their development Shows parents how to make a portfolio so they may do one at home at the same timeImportance of Portfolios For Administrators Provides evidence that teacher/school goals are being met Shows growth of students and teachers Provides data from various sources What do portfolios contain? Three basic models Showcase model, consisting of work samples chosen by the student. Descriptive model, consisti ng of representative work of the student, with no attempt at evaluation. Evaluative model, consisting of representative wares that have been evaluated by criteria. Disadvantages of Portfolio Require more time for faculty to evaluate than test or simple-sample assessment.Require students to compile their own work, usually outside of class. Do not easily demonstrate lower-level thinking, such as recall of knowledge. may threaten students who limit their learning to cramming for doing it at the last minute. Rubric It is a scaling guide that seeks to evaluate a students performance based on the sum of a full regorge of criteria rather than a single numerical score. It is a working guide for students and teachers, usually handed out before the identification begins in order to get students to think about the criteria on which their work will be judged.Rubrics are scoring criteria for Free-response Questions Scientific reports Oral or Power point presentations Reflections/Journals Es say Laboratory-based performance tests Article review or reactions Portfolios Many others Open-ended Question Concept Mapping It requires students to explore relate between 2 or more related concepts. When making concept maps, they clarify in their minds the links they have made of the concepts and having visual representation of these links, they are better able to rearrange of form impudently links when new concepts are introduced. Laboratory PerformanceIn this format students and teachers know the requirements in advance and prepare them. The teacher judges the student performance in spite of appearance a specific time frame and setting. Students are rated on appropriate and effective use of laboratory equipment, measuring tools, and safety laboratory procedures as well as a hands-on designing of an investigation. Inventories Diagnostic Inventories Student responses to a serial of questions or statements in any field, either verbally or in writing. These responses may indica te an ability or interest in a particular field.Interest Inventories student responses to questions designed to find out historical experience and or current interest in a topic, subject or activity. Classroom Assessment Presentation a presentation by one student or by a group of students to demonstrate the skills used in the completion of an activity or the acquisition of curricular outcomes/expectations. The presentation can take the form of a skit, lecture, lab presentation, debate etc. Computers can also be used for presentation when using such software as Hyperstudio, Powerpoint or Corel presentations.Peer Evaluation judgments by students about one anothers performance relative to stated criteria and program outcomes Journal Assessment This contact to students ongoing record of expressions experiences and reflections on a given topic. There are two types one in which students write with minimal direction what he/she is thinking and or feeling and the other requires students to compete a specific written assignment and establishes restrictions and guidelines necessary to accurately accomplish the assignment. Journals can recrudesce different types of reflecting writing, drawing, painting, and role playing.REFLECTIVE JOURNAL What did I learn? How do I feel about it? What happened? SYNTHESIS JOURNAL How I can Use It? What I learned? What I Did? SPECULATION roughly EFFECTS JOURNAL What could happen because of this? What happened? V. CONCLUSION A fair assessment is one in which students are given equitable opportunities to demonstrate what they know and can do. Classroom assessment is not only for tearing down or ranking purposes. Its goal is to inform instruction by providing teachers with information to help them make good educational decisions.Assessment is integrated with students day-to-day learning experiences rather than a series of an end-of-course tests. Why link assessment with instruction? Better assessment means better teaching. Better teach ing means better learning . Better learning means better students. Better students mean better opportunities for a better life. VI. RECCOMENDATION Specific assessment tools, listed below, are strongly recommended to faculty and department heads for their ability to provide useful information for accountability and, more importantly, to foster dialogue to improve student learning within courses.These three assessment tools are strongly recommended because they are concise and effective direct evaluations as inappropriate to indirect evaluations. Direct evaluations can be both formative (the gathering of information about student learning during the progression of a course or program, usually repeatedly, to improve the learning of those students) and summative (the gathering of information at the conclusion of the course, program or undergraduate career to improve learning or to meet accountability demands. ) 1.RubricsThese are the most flexible types of direct assessments and can be used to score any product or performance such as essays, portfolios, skill performances, oral exams, debates, project/product creation, oral presentations or a students body of work over the course of a semester. Since we are talking about assessing official course learning outcomes that are stated in course documents, all faculty teaching that course must agree on a detailed scoring system that delineates criteria used to discriminate among levels and is used for scoring a common assignment, product or performance or set of assignments, products or performances.Information can be obtained from the course documents assignment and evaluation pages to help guide the creation of the rubric. Pros Defines clear expectations. Can be used to score many kinds of assignments or exams Faculty define standards and criteria and how they will be applied Cons Faculty must agree on how to define standards and criteria and how they will be applied 2. Common Final Exam or Common coping stone P rojectThese direct assessment methods integrate knowledge, concepts and skills associated with an entire sequence of study in a course. all use the same net exam for all sections offered in a course (commercially produced/standardized test or locally developed final exam) or require a culminating final project that is similar (using the same grading rubric to evaluate). Pros Good method to measure growth over time with take in to a course Cumulative The data is more robust if all students complete the same assessment Provides an supererogatory buffer between student learning performance and an individual instructors teaching performance Cons Focus and breadth of assessment are important Understanding all of the variables to produce assessment results is also important May result in surplus course requirements Requires coordination and agreement on standards 3. plant Test QuestionsEmbed the same agreed upon questions that relate to the courses student learning outcomes in to the final exam for all sections of the course and analyze those results and/or embed the same agreed-upon requirements into the final project/assignment for all sections of the course and analyze those results.Pros Good method to measure growth over time with regards to a course Cumulative The data is more robust if all students complete the same assessment Provides an additional buffer between student learning performance and an individual instructors teaching performance Embedded questions can be reported as an aggregate Cons May result in additional course requirements Requires coordination and agreement on standards If some instructors embed and others do not, the data will be difficult to compare and analyze Separate analysis of embedded set of questions is required VII. REFERENCES https//www. google. com. ph/search? q=ASSESSMENT+TOOLS+PPTrlz=2C1GTPM_enPH0537PH0537aq=foq=assessment+tools+aqs=chrome. 0. 59j57j61j60l2j0. 3437j0sourceid=chromeie=UTF-8 http//www. slidesh are. net/armovil/assessment-of-student-learning? from_search=2 Fulks, Janet, Assessing Student Learning in confederation Colleges, Bakersfield College, 2004